Zur Psychophysiologie exekutiver Funktionen

Zusammenfassung

Dieser Artikel stellt einen Versuch dar, eine Brücke zwischen klinisch manifesten Erscheinungen exekutiver Dysfunktionen, welche infolge erworbener Hirnschädigungen zu beobachten sind, und grundlagenwissenschaftlichen Studien zur Kognitiven Psychophysiologie von Exekutivfunktionen zu schlagen. Einleitend wird kurz die klinische Phänomenologie dysexekutiver Syndrome skizziert. Danach erfolgt eine Aufarbeitung kognitiver Aspekte von Exekutivfunktionen, die in eine hierarchische Taxonomie der exekutiven Kontrolle mündet. Im Anschluss daran wird eine Einführung in die Kognitive Psychophysiologie, ihre Errungenschaften und ihre (derzeitigen) Limitationen gegeben. Abschließend werden in paradigmatischer Weise am Beispiel von 2 Studien aus unserem Labor Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, wie sich das Studium exekutiver Funktionen mit der Erhebung psychophysiologischer Messgrößen verbinden lässt.

Abstract

This review article attempts to bridge clinically manifest signs of executive dysfunctions and cognitive psychophysiological studies on executive functioning. First, the reader will be introduced to patterns of executive deficits that are commonly subsumed under the umbrella term of the dysexecutive syndrome. Cognitive aspects of executive functioning will then be clarified resulting in a hierarchical taxonomy of executive control. Subsequently, we provide an overview of the field of cognitive psychophysiology, its merits and its limitations. 2 exemplary studies from our laboratory are finally used to illustrate the possibilities associated with the combined study of executive functions and psychophysiological measures.

Schlüsselwörter

Exekutivfunktionen - Psychophysiologie - Ereigniskorrelierte Potenziale - Elektroenzephalografie - Dysexekutives Syndrom

Key words

executive functioning - psychophysiology - event-related potentials - electroencephalography - dysexecutive syndrome

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