Das akute Nierenversagen in der Klinik – Grundlagen und Besonderheiten

Das akute Nierenversagen (ANV) betrifft aufgrund seiner vielfältigen Auslöser und begünstigenden Faktoren alle medizinischen Fachbereiche. Im Rahmen eines Klinikaufenthalts wird der Patient, häufig vorbelastet durch Risikofaktoren wie Diabetes mellitus, chronische Nierenkrankheit oder Herzinsuffizienz, mit zusätzlichen Ereignissen konfrontiert, die das instabile renale Gleichgewicht stören und in einem ANV resultieren. Nur die ganzheitliche Betrachtung des ANV im Kontext der zugrunde liegenden Erkrankungsbilder ermöglicht Verbesserungen bei Prävention, Diagnostik und Therapie. Der vorliegende Artikel soll daher über die Besonderheiten des ANVs in Zusammenhang mit häufigen klinischen Krankheitsbildern wie Herz- und Leberinsuffizienz, Sepsis, Tumorerkrankungen sowie Leber- und Nierentransplantation informieren.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome with multiple triggers and factors increasing susceptibility occurring in all kind of medical settings. Patients who are often burdened by risk factors such as diabetes, chronic kidney disease or cardiac insufficiency are often faced with additional strains during the course of clinical treatments which disturb the instable renal balance and consequently lead to AKI. Only an integrated perspective of AKI in the context of the underlying disease allows improvements in preventive strategies, diagnostics and therapy. Therefore, the current article summarizes the specific features of AKI in relationship with frequent disorders such as heart and liver insufficiency, sepsis, cancer as well as liver and kidney transplantation.

Key words

acute kidney injury - hospital - risk factors - integrated perspective

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