Antikörper-vermittelte Epilepsien

Zusammenfassung

Epilepsie ist eine der verbreitetsten neurologischen Erkrankungen. In den letzten 10 Jahren konnte ein Teil der bisher unklaren und häufig pharmakoresistenten Epilepsien auf Autoantikörper gegen neuronale Oberflächenantigene der Zellmembran zurückgeführt werden. Im Gegensatz zu den klassischen onkoneuralen Antikörpern sind diese Antikörper selten mit einem Tumor assoziiert und die durch sie ausgelösten Erkrankungen sprechen besser auf eine Immuntherapie an. Zudem wird vermutet, dass die Antikörper gegen Oberflächenproteine einen direkten pathogenen Effekt besitzen. Damit eröffnen sich neue Möglichkeiten in der Behandlung der Antikörper-vermittelten Epilepsien.

Abstract

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. In the last decade a part of the unknown and often drug-resistant epilepsies could be explained by autoantibodies directed to neuronal cell surface antigens. In contrast to the classical onconeural antibodies, these antibodies are rarely associated with tumours and the related diseases respond better to immunotherapies. Furthermore, it is believed that the antibodies directed to surface proteins have a direct pathogenic effect. New possibilities are thereby opened up in the treatment of these antibodies-mediated epilepsies.

Schlüsselwörter

Epilepsie - Antikörper - neuronale Oberflächenantigene - limbische Enzephalitis - Immuntherapie

Key words

epilepsy - antibodies - neuronal surface antigens - limbic encephalitis - immunotherapy

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