Differenzialdiagnose der Demenz

Kernaussagen

Für die Diagnose einer Demenz nach ICD-10 müssen die Symptome über mindestens 6 Monate bestanden haben. Alle klinisch-organischen und behandelbaren Ursachen (z. B. endokriner oder infektiöser Genese) sind bereits im Vorfeld der Diagnostik abzuklären, ebenso seltene genetische Ursachen – insbesondere, wenn es sich um eine Manifestation im relativ jungen Alter handelt. Für die weitere Differenzialdiagnostik der verschiedenen Demenzursachen empfiehlt sich ein standardisierter Untersuchungsgang, der neben einer detaillierten Anamnese (möglichst unter Befragung eines Angehörigen) eine klinische Untersuchung, Laborwerte (inkl. Biomarker), zerebrale Bildgebung und neuropsychologische Untersuchungen beinhaltet.

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