Semin Reprod Med 2014; 32(04): 253-261
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1375177
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Surgical Treatment before Assisted Reproductive Technologies

Koray Elter
1   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Trakya University School of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
,
Engin Oral
2   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
11 June 2014 (online)

Abstract

Advances in technology have transformed surgery from a major approach into an art of science capable of treating many diseases and conditions in a less risky way. This advance let physicians perform surgery commonly in their practice. Today, surgery in reproductive medicine has become so customary that evidence has not been questioned commonly. Therefore, this review will help reproductive endocrinologists to read the most recent evidence for surgery to improve in vitro fertilization outcome. This will also help them to inform their patients with the most recent evidence.

 
  • References

  • 1 Tulandi T, Akkour K. Role of reproductive surgery in the era of assisted reproductive technology. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2012; 26 (6) 747-755
  • 2 Evers JL. Female subfertility. Lancet 2002; 360 (9327) 151-159
  • 3 Honoré GM, Holden AE, Schenken RS. Pathophysiology and management of proximal tubal blockage. Fertil Steril 1999; 71 (5) 785-795
  • 4 Steptoe PC, Edwards RG. Birth after the reimplantation of a human embryo. Lancet 1978; 2 (8085) 366
  • 5 Camus E, Poncelet C, Goffinet F , et al. Pregnancy rates after in-vitro fertilization in cases of tubal infertility with and without hydrosalpinx: a meta-analysis of published comparative studies. Hum Reprod 1999; 14 (5) 1243-1249
  • 6 Zeyneloglu HB, Arici A, Olive DL. Adverse effects of hydrosalpinx on pregnancy rates after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 1998; 70 (3) 492-499
  • 7 Strandell A, Lindhard A, Waldenström U, Thorburn J, Janson PO, Hamberger L. Hydrosalpinx and IVF outcome: a prospective, randomized multicentre trial in Scandinavia on salpingectomy prior to IVF. Hum Reprod 1999; 14 (11) 2762-2769
  • 8 Goldstein DB, Sasaran LH, Stadtmauer L, Popa R. Selective salpingostomy-salpingectomy (SSS) and medical treatment prior to IVF in patients with hydrosalpinx. Fertil Steril 1998; 70 (3) (Suppl. 01) S320
  • 9 Chanelles O, Ducarme G, Sifer C, Hugues JN, Touboul C, Poncelet C. Hydrosalpinx and infertility: what about conservative surgical management?. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2011; 159 (1) 122-126
  • 10 Fouda UM, Sayed AM. Effect of ultrasound-guided aspiration of hydrosalpingeal fluid during oocyte retrieval on the outcomes of in vitro fertilisation-embryo transfer: a randomised controlled trial (NCT01040351). Gynecol Endocrinol 2011; 27 (8) 562-567
  • 11 Van Voorhis BJ, Sparks AE, Syrop CH, Stovall DW. Ultrasound-guided aspiration of hydrosalpinges is associated with improved pregnancy and implantation rates after in-vitro fertilization cycles. Hum Reprod 1998; 13 (3) 736-739
  • 12 Jiang H, Pei H, Zhang WX, Wang XM. A prospective clinical study of interventional ultrasound sclerotherapy on women with hydrosalpinx before in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 2010; 94 (7) 2854-2856
  • 13 Hammadieh N, Coomarasamy A, Ola B, Papaioannou S, Afnan M, Sharif K. Ultrasound-guided hydrosalpinx aspiration during oocyte collection improves pregnancy outcome in IVF: a randomized controlled trial. Hum Reprod 2008; 23 (5) 1113-1117
  • 14 Murray DL, Sagoskin AW, Widra EA, Levy MJ. The adverse effect of hydrosalpinges on in vitro fertilization pregnancy rates and the benefit of surgical correction. Fertil Steril 1998; 69 (1) 41-45
  • 15 Darwish AM, El Saman AM. Is there a role for hysteroscopic tubal occlusion of functionless hydrosalpinges prior to IVF/ICSI in modern practice?. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2007; 86 (12) 1484-1489
  • 16 Legendre G, Gallot V, Levaillant JM, Capmas P, Fernandez H. [Adiana(®) hysteroscopic tubal occlusion device for the treatment of hydrosalpinx prior to in vitro fertilization: a case report]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 2013; 42 (4) 401-404
  • 17 Mijatovic V, Dreyer K, Emanuel MH, Schats R, Hompes PG. Essure® hydrosalpinx occlusion prior to IVF-ET as an alternative to laparoscopic salpingectomy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2012; 161 (1) 42-45
  • 18 Inocencio G, Coutinho L, Maciel R, Barreiro M. Pregnancy after hydrosalpinx treatment with Essure. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013: pii: bcr2013009018
  • 19 Hitkari JA, Singh SS, Shapiro HM, Leyland N. Essure treatment of hydrosalpinges. Fertil Steril 2007; 88 (6) 1663-1666
  • 20 Galen DI, Khan N, Richter KS. Essure multicenter off-label treatment for hydrosalpinx before in vitro fertilization. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2011; 18 (3) 338-342
  • 21 Surrey ES, Schoolcraft WB. Laparoscopic management of hydrosalpinges before in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer: salpingectomy versus proximal tubal occlusion. Fertil Steril 2001; 75 (3) 612-617
  • 22 Déchaud H, Daurès JP, Arnal F, Humeau C, Hédon B. Does previous salpingectomy improve implantation and pregnancy rates in patients with severe tubal factor infertility who are undergoing in vitro fertilization? A pilot prospective randomized study. Fertil Steril 1998; 69 (6) 1020-1025
  • 23 Kontoravdis A, Makrakis E, Pantos K, Botsis D, Deligeoroglou E, Creatsas G. Proximal tubal occlusion and salpingectomy result in similar improvement in in vitro fertilization outcome in patients with hydrosalpinx. Fertil Steril 2006; 86 (6) 1642-1649
  • 24 Johnson N, van Voorst S, Sowter MC, Strandell A, Mol BW. Surgical treatment for tubal disease in women due to undergo in vitro fertilisation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; (1) CD002125
  • 25 Practice Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine in collaboration with Society of Reproductive Surgeons. Salpingectomy for hydrosalpinx prior to in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2008; 90 (5, Suppl): S66-S68
  • 26 Omurtag K, Grindler NM, Roehl KA , et al. How members of the Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility and Society of Reproductive Surgeons evaluate, define, and manage hydrosalpinges. Fertil Steril 2012; 97 (5) 1095-1100 , e1–e2
  • 27 Goynumer G, Kayabasoglu F, Aydogdu S, Wetherilt L. The effect of tubal sterilization through electrocoagulation on the ovarian reserve. Contraception 2009; 80 (1) 90-94
  • 28 Chan CC, Ng EH, Li CF, Ho PC. Impaired ovarian blood flow and reduced antral follicle count following laparoscopic salpingectomy for ectopic pregnancy. Hum Reprod 2003; 18 (10) 2175-2180
  • 29 Strandell A, Lindhard A, Waldenström U, Thorburn J. Prophylactic salpingectomy does not impair the ovarian response in IVF treatment. Hum Reprod 2001; 16 (6) 1135-1139
  • 30 Bulent Tiras M, Noyan V, Ozdemir H, Guner H, Yildiz A, Yildirim M. The changes in ovarian hormone levels and ovarian artery blood flow rate after laparoscopic tubal sterilization. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2001; 99 (2) 219-221
  • 31 Herman A, Ron-el R, Golan A, Soffer Y, Bukovsky I, Caspi E. The dilemma of the optimal surgical procedure in ectopic pregnancies occurring in in-vitro fertilization. Hum Reprod 1991; 6 (8) 1167-1169
  • 32 Sharif K, Kaufmann S, Sharma V. Heterotopic pregnancy obtained after in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer following bilateral total salpingectomy: case report. Hum Reprod 1994; 9 (10) 1966-1967
  • 33 Hsu CC, Yang TT, Hsu CT. Ovarian pregnancy resulting from cornual fistulae in a woman who had undergone bilateral salpingectomy. Fertil Steril 2005; 83 (1) 205-207
  • 34 Inovay J, Marton T, Urbancsek J, Kádár Z, Altdorfer K, Papp Z. Spontaneous bilateral cornual uterine dehiscence early in the second trimester after bilateral laparoscopic salpingectomy and in-vitro fertilization: case report. Hum Reprod 1999; 14 (10) 2471-2473
  • 35 LaCombe J, Ginsburg F. Adnexal torsion in a patient with hydrosalpinx who underwent tubal occlusion before in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2003; 79 (2) 437-438
  • 36 Kotrotsou M, Strandell A, Trew G. The current place of tubal surgery in the management of subfertility. Hum Fertil (Camb) 2012; 15 (2) 75-81
  • 37 Parihar M, Mirge A, Hasabe R. Hydrosalpinx functional surgery or salpingectomy? The importance of hydrosalpinx fluid in assisted reproductive technologies. J Gynecol Endosc Surg 2009; 1 (1) 12-16
  • 38 Puttemans P, Campo R, Gordts S, Brosens I. Hydrosalpinx and ART: hydrosalpinx—functional surgery or salpingectomy?. Hum Reprod 2000; 15 (7) 1427-1430
  • 39 Strandell A, Lindhard A. Hydrosalpinx and ART. Salpingectomy prior to IVF can be recommended to a well-defined subgroup of patients. Hum Reprod 2000; 15 (10) 2072-2074
  • 40 Puttemans PJ, Brosens IA. Salpingectomy improves in-vitro fertilization outcome in patients with a hydrosalpinx: blind victimization of the fallopian tube?. Hum Reprod 1996; 11 (10) 2079-2081
  • 41 Vasquez G, Boeckx W, Brosens I. Prospective study of tubal mucosal lesions and fertility in hydrosalpinges. Hum Reprod 1995; 10 (5) 1075-1078
  • 42 Canis M, Mage G, Pouly JL, Manhes H, Wattiez A, Bruhat MA. Laparoscopic distal tuboplasty: report of 87 cases and a 4-year experience. Fertil Steril 1991; 56 (4) 616-621
  • 43 Mossa B, Patella A, Ebano V, Pacifici E, Mossa S, Marziani R. Microsurgery versus laparoscopy in distal tubal obstruction hysterosalpingographically or laparoscopically investigated. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2005; 32 (3) 169-171
  • 44 Bayrak A, Harp D, Saadat P, Mor E, Paulson RJ. Recurrence of hydrosalpinges after cuff neosalpingostomy in a poor prognosis population. J Assist Reprod Genet 2006; 23 (6) 285-288
  • 45 Mijatovic V, Veersema S, Emanuel MH, Schats R, Hompes PG. Essure hysteroscopic tubal occlusion device for the treatment of hydrosalpinx prior to in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer in patients with a contraindication for laparoscopy. Fertil Steril 2010; 93 (4) 1338-1342
  • 46 Kumbak B, Kahraman S, Karlikaya G, Lacin S, Guney A. In vitro fertilization in normoresponder patients with endometriomas: comparison with basal simple ovarian cysts. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2008; 65 (3) 212-216
  • 47 Suzuki T, Izumi S, Matsubayashi H, Awaji H, Yoshikata K, Makino T. Impact of ovarian endometrioma on oocytes and pregnancy outcome in in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2005; 83 (4) 908-913
  • 48 Almog B, Shehata F, Sheizaf B, Tan SL, Tulandi T. Effects of ovarian endometrioma on the number of oocytes retrieved for in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2011; 95 (2) 525-527
  • 49 Benaglia L, Pasin R, Somigliana E, Vercellini P, Ragni G, Fedele L. Unoperated ovarian endometriomas and responsiveness to hyperstimulation. Hum Reprod 2011; 26 (6) 1356-1361
  • 50 Benaglia L, Bermejo A, Somigliana E , et al. In vitro fertilization outcome in women with unoperated bilateral endometriomas. Fertil Steril 2013; 99 (6) 1714-1719
  • 51 Somigliana E, Infantino M, Benedetti F, Arnoldi M, Calanna G, Ragni G. The presence of ovarian endometriomas is associated with a reduced responsiveness to gonadotropins. Fertil Steril 2006; 86 (1) 192-196
  • 52 Harb HM, Gallos ID, Chu J, Harb M, Coomarasamy A. The effect of endometriosis on in vitro fertilisation outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG 2013; 120 (11) 1308-1320
  • 53 Tsoumpou I, Kyrgiou M, Gelbaya TA, Nardo LG. The effect of surgical treatment for endometrioma on in vitro fertilization outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 2009; 92 (1) 75-87
  • 54 Benschop L, Farquhar C, van der Poel N, Heineman MJ. Interventions for women with endometrioma prior to assisted reproductive technology. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; (11) CD008571
  • 55 Hart RJ, Hickey M, Maouris P, Buckett W. Excisional surgery versus ablative surgery for ovarian endometriomata. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; (2) CD004992
  • 56 Somigliana E, Berlanda N, Benaglia L, Viganò P, Vercellini P, Fedele L. Surgical excision of endometriomas and ovarian reserve: a systematic review on serum antimüllerian hormone level modifications. Fertil Steril 2012; 98 (6) 1531-1538
  • 57 Uncu G, Kasapoglu I, Ozerkan K, Seyhan A, Oral Yilmaztepe A, Ata B. Prospective assessment of the impact of endometriomas and their removal on ovarian reserve and determinants of the rate of decline in ovarian reserve. Hum Reprod 2013; 28 (8) 2140-2145
  • 58 Garcia-Velasco JA, Somigliana E. Management of endometriomas in women requiring IVF: to touch or not to touch. Hum Reprod 2009; 24 (3) 496-501
  • 59 Somigliana E, Benaglia L, Vigano' P, Candiani M, Vercellini P, Fedele L. Surgical measures for endometriosis-related infertility: a plea for research. Placenta 2011; 32 (Suppl. 03) S238-S242
  • 60 Hirokawa W, Iwase A, Goto M , et al. The post-operative decline in serum anti-Mullerian hormone correlates with the bilaterality and severity of endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2011; 26 (4) 904-910
  • 61 Pearce CL, Templeman C, Rossing MA , et al; Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium. Association between endometriosis and risk of histological subtypes of ovarian cancer: a pooled analysis of case-control studies. Lancet Oncol 2012; 13 (4) 385-394
  • 62 Surrey ES. Endometriosis and assisted reproductive technologies: maximizing outcomes. Semin Reprod Med 2013; 31 (2) 154-163
  • 63 Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Endometriosis and infertility: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril 2012; 98 (3) 591-598
  • 64 ESHRE Endometriosis Guideline Development Group. Management of Women with Endometriosis. ESHRE; 2013. Available at: http://endometriosis.eshre.eu/docs/ESHRE%20guideline%20on%20endometriosis%202013_3.pdf . Accessed May 15, 2014
  • 65 Saeki A, Matsumoto T, Ikuma K , et al. The vasopressin injection technique for laparoscopic excision of ovarian endometrioma: a technique to reduce the use of coagulation. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2010; 17 (2) 176-179
  • 66 Ferrero S, Venturini PL, Gillott DJ, Remorgida V, Leone Roberti Maggiore U. Hemostasis by bipolar coagulation versus suture after surgical stripping of bilateral ovarian endometriomas: a randomized controlled trial. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2012; 19 (6) 722-730
  • 67 Coric M, Barisic D, Pavicic D, Karadza M, Banovic M. Electrocoagulation versus suture after laparoscopic stripping of ovarian endometriomas assessed by antral follicle count: preliminary results of randomized clinical trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2011; 283 (2) 373-378
  • 68 Donnez J, Lousse JC, Jadoul P, Donnez O, Squifflet J. Laparoscopic management of endometriomas using a combined technique of excisional (cystectomy) and ablative surgery. Fertil Steril 2010; 94 (1) 28-32
  • 69 Tsolakidis D, Pados G, Vavilis D , et al. The impact on ovarian reserve after laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy versus three-stage management in patients with endometriomas: a prospective randomized study. Fertil Steril 2010; 94 (1) 71-77
  • 70 Pados G, Tsolakidis D, Assimakopoulos E, Athanatos D, Tarlatzis B. Sonographic changes after laparoscopic cystectomy compared with three-stage management in patients with ovarian endometriomas: a prospective randomized study. Hum Reprod 2010; 25 (3) 672-677
  • 71 Silberstein T, Saphier O, van Voorhis BJ, Plosker SM. Endometrial polyps in reproductive-age fertile and infertile women. Isr Med Assoc J 2006; 8 (3) 192-195
  • 72 Rackow BW, Jorgensen E, Taylor HS. Endometrial polyps affect uterine receptivity. Fertil Steril 2011; 95 (8) 2690-2692
  • 73 Taylor E, Gomel V. The uterus and fertility. Fertil Steril 2008; 89 (1) 1-16
  • 74 Kim MR, Kim YA, Jo MY, Hwang KJ, Ryu HS. High frequency of endometrial polyps in endometriosis. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2003; 10 (1) 46-48
  • 75 Richlin SS, Ramachandran S, Shanti A, Murphy AA, Parthasarathy S. Glycodelin levels in uterine flushings and in plasma of patients with leiomyomas and polyps: implications for implantation. Hum Reprod 2002; 17 (10) 2742-2747
  • 76 Pérez-Medina T, Bajo-Arenas J, Salazar F , et al. Endometrial polyps and their implication in the pregnancy rates of patients undergoing intrauterine insemination: a prospective, randomized study. Hum Reprod 2005; 20 (6) 1632-1635
  • 77 Kalampokas T, Tzanakaki D, Konidaris S, Iavazzo C, Kalampokas E, Gregoriou O. Endometrial polyps and their relationship in the pregnancy rates of patients undergoing intrauterine insemination. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2012; 39 (3) 299-302
  • 78 Shohayeb A, Shaltout A. Persistent endometrial polyps may affect the pregnancy rate in patients undergoing intrauterine insemination. Middle East Fertility Society Journal 2011; 16 (4) 259-264
  • 79 Isikoglu M, Berkkanoglu M, Senturk Z, Coetzee K, Ozgur K. Endometrial polyps smaller than 1.5 cm do not affect ICSI outcome. Reprod Biomed Online 2006; 12 (2) 199-204
  • 80 Lass A, Williams G, Abusheikha N, Brinsden P. The effect of endometrial polyps on outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. J Assist Reprod Genet 1999; 16 (8) 410-415
  • 81 Yanaihara A, Yorimitsu T, Motoyama H, Iwasaki S, Kawamura T. Location of endometrial polyp and pregnancy rate in infertility patients. Fertil Steril 2008; 90 (1) 180-182
  • 82 Kowalik CR, Goddijn M, Emanuel MH , et al. Metroplasty versus expectant management for women with recurrent miscarriage and a septate uterus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; (6) CD008576
  • 83 Homer HA, Li TC, Cooke ID. The septate uterus: a review of management and reproductive outcome. Fertil Steril 2000; 73 (1) 1-14
  • 84 Grimbizis GF, Camus M, Tarlatzis BC, Bontis JN, Devroey P. Clinical implications of uterine malformations and hysteroscopic treatment results. Hum Reprod Update 2001; 7 (2) 161-174
  • 85 Valle RF, Ekpo GE. Hysteroscopic metroplasty for the septate uterus: review and meta-analysis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2013; 20 (1) 22-42
  • 86 Nouri K, Ott J, Huber JC, Fischer EM, Stögbauer L, Tempfer CB. Reproductive outcome after hysteroscopic septoplasty in patients with septate uterus—a retrospective cohort study and systematic review of the literature. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2010; 8: 52
  • 87 Christiansen OB, Nybo Andersen AM, Bosch E , et al. Evidence-based investigations and treatments of recurrent pregnancy loss. Fertil Steril 2005; 83 (4) 821-839
  • 88 Mastenbroek S, Twisk M, Goddijn M , et al. PGD—a model to evaluate efficacy?. Fertil Steril 2006; 85 (2) 534-535 , author reply 535–536
  • 89 Shokeir T, Abdelshaheed M, El-Shafie M, Sherif L, Badawy A. Determinants of fertility and reproductive success after hysteroscopic septoplasty for women with unexplained primary infertility: a prospective analysis of 88 cases. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2011; 155 (1) 54-57
  • 90 Pabuçcu R, Gomel V. Reproductive outcome after hysteroscopic metroplasty in women with septate uterus and otherwise unexplained infertility. Fertil Steril 2004; 81 (6) 1675-1678
  • 91 Tonguc EA, Var T, Batioglu S. Hysteroscopic metroplasty in patients with a uterine septum and otherwise unexplained infertility. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2011; 113 (2) 128-130
  • 92 Paradisi R, Barzanti R, Natali F, Battaglia C, Venturoli S. Metroplasty in a large population of women with septate uterus. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2011; 18 (4) 449-454
  • 93 Mollo A, De Franciscis P, Colacurci N , et al. Hysteroscopic resection of the septum improves the pregnancy rate of women with unexplained infertility: a prospective controlled trial. Fertil Steril 2009; 91 (6) 2628-2631
  • 94 Pang LH, Li MJ, Li M, Xu H, Wei ZL. Not every subseptate uterus requires surgical correction to reduce poor reproductive outcome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2011; 115 (3) 260-263
  • 95 Tomaževič T, Ban-Frangež H, Virant-Klun I, Verdenik I, Požlep B, Vrtačnik-Bokal E. Septate, subseptate and arcuate uterus decrease pregnancy and live birth rates in IVF/ICSI. Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 21 (5) 700-705
  • 96 Ban-Frangez H, Tomazevic T, Virant-Klun I, Verdenik I, Ribic-Pucelj M, Bokal EV. The outcome of singleton pregnancies after IVF/ICSI in women before and after hysteroscopic resection of a uterine septum compared to normal controls. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2009; 146 (2) 184-187
  • 97 Ozgur K, Isikoglu M, Donmez L, Oehninger S. Is hysteroscopic correction of an incomplete uterine septum justified prior to IVF?. Reprod Biomed Online 2007; 14 (3) 335-340
  • 98 Donnez J, Jadoul P. What are the implications of myomas on fertility? A need for a debate?. Hum Reprod 2002; 17 (6) 1424-1430
  • 99 Pritts EA, Parker WH, Olive DL. Fibroids and infertility: an updated systematic review of the evidence. Fertil Steril 2009; 91 (4) 1215-1223
  • 100 Casini ML, Rossi F, Agostini R, Unfer V. Effects of the position of fibroids on fertility. Gynecol Endocrinol 2006; 22 (2) 106-109
  • 101 Bosteels J, Kasius J, Weyers S, Broekmans FJ, Mol BW, D'Hooghe TM. Treating suspected uterine cavity abnormalities by hysteroscopy to improve reproductive outcome in women with unexplained infertility or prior to IUI, IVF, or ICSI. Gynecol Surg 2013; 10 (3) 165-167
  • 102 Metwally M, Cheong YC, Horne AW. Surgical treatment of fibroids for subfertility. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 11: CD003857
  • 103 Shokeir T, El-Shafei M, Yousef H, Allam AF, Sadek E. Submucous myomas and their implications in the pregnancy rates of patients with otherwise unexplained primary infertility undergoing hysteroscopic myomectomy: a randomized matched control study. Fertil Steril 2010; 94 (2) 724-729
  • 104 Olive DL. The surgical treatment of fibroids for infertility. Semin Reprod Med 2011; 29 (2) 113-123
  • 105 Sunkara SK, Khairy M, El-Toukhy T, Khalaf Y, Coomarasamy A. The effect of intramural fibroids without uterine cavity involvement on the outcome of IVF treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod 2010; 25 (2) 418-429
  • 106 Metwally M, Farquhar CM, Li TC. Is another meta-analysis on the effects of intramural fibroids on reproductive outcomes needed?. Reprod Biomed Online 2011; 23 (1) 2-14
  • 107 Asherman JG. Traumatic intra-uterine adhesions. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp 1950; 57 (6) 892-896
  • 108 Asherman JG. Amenorrhoea traumatica (atretica). J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp 1948; 55 (1) 23-30
  • 109 Al-Inany H. Intrauterine adhesions. An update. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2001; 80 (11) 986-993
  • 110 de Sá Rosa e de Silva AC, Rosa e Silva JC, Cândido dos Reis FJ, Nogueira AA, Ferriani RA. Routine office hysteroscopy in the investigation of infertile couples before assisted reproduction. J Reprod Med 2005; 50 (7) 501-506
  • 111 Hinckley MD, Milki AA. 1000 office-based hysteroscopies prior to in vitro fertilization: feasibility and findings. JSLS 2004; 8 (2) 103-107
  • 112 Pabuccu R, Onalan G, Kaya C , et al. Efficiency and pregnancy outcome of serial intrauterine device-guided hysteroscopic adhesiolysis of intrauterine synechiae. Fertil Steril 2008; 90 (5) 1973-1977
  • 113 Dawood A, Al-Talib A, Tulandi T. Predisposing factors and treatment outcome of different stages of intrauterine adhesions. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2010; 32 (8) 767-770
  • 114 Roy KK, Baruah J, Sharma JB, Kumar S, Kachawa G, Singh N. Reproductive outcome following hysteroscopic adhesiolysis in patients with infertility due to Asherman's syndrome. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2010; 281 (2) 355-361
  • 115 Zikopoulos KA, Kolibianakis EM, Platteau P , et al. Live delivery rates in subfertile women with Asherman's syndrome after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis using the resectoscope or the Versapoint system. Reprod Biomed Online 2004; 8 (6) 720-725
  • 116 Fernandez H, Al-Najjar F, Chauveaud-Lambling A, Frydman R, Gervaise A. Fertility after treatment of Asherman's syndrome stage 3 and 4. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2006; 13 (5) 398-402
  • 117 Fatemi HM, Kasius JC, Timmermans A , et al. Prevalence of unsuspected uterine cavity abnormalities diagnosed by office hysteroscopy prior to in vitro fertilization. Hum Reprod 2010; 25 (8) 1959-1965
  • 118 Karayalcin R, Ozcan S, Moraloglu O, Ozyer S, Mollamahmutoglu L, Batıoglu S. Results of 2500 office-based diagnostic hysteroscopies before IVF. Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 20 (5) 689-693
  • 119 Demirol A, Gurgan T. Effect of treatment of intrauterine pathologies with office hysteroscopy in patients with recurrent IVF failure. Reprod Biomed Online 2004; 8 (5) 590-594
  • 120 Rama Raju GA, Shashi Kumari G, Krishna KM, Prakash GJ, Madan K. Assessment of uterine cavity by hysteroscopy in assisted reproduction programme and its influence on pregnancy outcome. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2006; 274 (3) 160-164
  • 121 Bosteels J, Weyers S, Puttemans P , et al. The effectiveness of hysteroscopy in improving pregnancy rates in subfertile women without other gynaecological symptoms: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update 2010; 16 (1) 1-11
  • 122 Potdar N, Gelbaya T, Nardo LG. Endometrial injury to overcome recurrent embryo implantation failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 25 (6) 561-571
  • 123 Makrakis E, Hassiakos D, Stathis D, Vaxevanoglou T, Orfanoudaki E, Pantos K. Hysteroscopy in women with implantation failures after in vitro fertilization: findings and effect on subsequent pregnancy rates. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2009; 16 (2) 181-187
  • 124 El-Toukhy T, Campo R, Sunkara SK, Khalaf Y, Coomarasamy A. A multi-centre randomised controlled study of pre-IVF outpatient hysteroscopy in women with recurrent IVF implantation failure: Trial of Outpatient Hysteroscopy - [TROPHY] in IVF. Reprod Health 2009; 6: 20
  • 125 Pundir J, Pundir V, Omanwa K, Khalaf Y, El-Toukhy T. Hysteroscopy prior to the first IVF cycle: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 28 (2) 151-161
  • 126 Smit JG, Kasius JC, Eijkemans MJ , et al. The inSIGHT study: costs and effects of routine hysteroscopy prior to a first IVF treatment cycle. A randomised controlled trial. BMC Womens Health 2012; 12: 22
  • 127 Prapas N, Prapas Y, Panagiotidis Y, Prapa S, Vanderzwalmen P, Makedos G. Cervical dilatation has a positive impact on the outcome of IVF in randomly assigned cases having two previous difficult embryo transfers. Hum Reprod 2004; 19 (8) 1791-1795
  • 128 Luttjeboer F, Harada T, Hughes E, Johnson N, Lilford R, Mol BW. Tubal flushing for subfertility. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; (3) CD003718
  • 129 Shohayeb A, El-Khayat W. Does a single endometrial biopsy regimen (S-EBR) improve ICSI outcome in patients with repeated implantation failure? A randomised controlled trial. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2012; 164 (2) 176-179
  • 130 Huang SY, Wang CJ, Soong YK , et al. Site-specific endometrial injury improves implantation and pregnancy in patients with repeated implantation failures. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9: 140
  • 131 Karimzadeh MA, Ayazi Rozbahani M, Tabibnejad N. Endometrial local injury improves the pregnancy rate among recurrent implantation failure patients undergoing in vitro fertilisation/intra cytoplasmic sperm injection: a randomised clinical trial. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2009; 49 (6) 677-680
  • 132 Zhou L, Li R, Wang R, Huang HX, Zhong K. Local injury to the endometrium in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycles improves implantation rates. Fertil Steril 2008; 89 (5) 1166-1176
  • 133 Raziel A, Schachter M, Strassburger D, Bern O, Ron-El R, Friedler S. Favorable influence of local injury to the endometrium in intracytoplasmic sperm injection patients with high-order implantation failure. Fertil Steril 2007; 87 (1) 198-201
  • 134 Barash A, Dekel N, Fieldust S, Segal I, Schechtman E, Granot I. Local injury to the endometrium doubles the incidence of successful pregnancies in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2003; 79 (6) 1317-1322
  • 135 Almog B, Shalom-Paz E, Dufort D, Tulandi T. Promoting implantation by local injury to the endometrium. Fertil Steril 2010; 94 (6) 2026-2029
  • 136 El-Toukhy T, Sunkara S, Khalaf Y. Local endometrial injury and IVF outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 25 (4) 345-354
  • 137 Narvekar SA, Gupta N, Shetty N, Kottur A, Srinivas M, Rao KA. Does local endometrial injury in the nontransfer cycle improve the IVF-ET outcome in the subsequent cycle in patients with previous unsuccessful IVF? A randomized controlled pilot study. J Hum Reprod Sci 2010; 3 (1) 15-19