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Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin 2014; 39(02): 110-116
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1369924
Originalarbeit
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Mangelernährung in österreichischen Krankenhäusern und Pflegeheimen – Ergebnisse von wiederholten Querschnittstudien

Malnutrition in Austrian Hospitals and Nursing Homes – Results from Repeated Cross-Sectional Studies
S. Schönherr
1   Institut für Pflegewissenschaft, Medizinische Universität Graz, Austria
,
R. J. G. Halfens
2   Department of Health Service Research – Focusing on Chronic Care, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, die Niederlande
,
C. Lohrmann
1   Institut für Pflegewissenschaft, Medizinische Universität Graz, Austria
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
11 April 2014 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Fragestellung: Das Ziel dieser Studie ist der Vergleich der Prävalenz von Mangelernährung sowie der durchgeführten Prävention und Behandlung in Krankenhäusern und Pflegeheimen, die 3- bzw. 4-mal an wiederholten Querschnittstudien teilgenommen haben.

Material und Methode: Diese Studie nutzt Daten von 9 Krankenhäusern und 5 Pflegeheimen, die von 2009 – 2012 3- bzw. 4-mal an der Europäischen Pflegequalitätserhebung teilgenommen haben. An allen Datenerhebungszeitpunkten wurde ein überprüfter und standardisierter Fragebogen verwendet.

Ergebnisse: Die Prävalenz von Mangelernährung sank in 4-mal teilnehmenden Krankenhäusern signifikant von 29,1 auf 21,6 %. In 3-mal teilnehmenden Krankenhäusern und Pflegeheimen sanken die Prävalenz von Mangelernährung und das Risiko für Mangelernährung ebenfalls signifikant. Die Nutzung von Screeninginstrumenten zur Erfassung von Mangelernährung stieg in 4-mal teilnehmenden Krankenhäusern von 21,7 auf 41 % und im Pflegeheim von 2,4 auf 97,9 % signifikant an. In allen teilnehmenden Pflegeheimen stieg die Nutzung von energie- und proteinangereicherter Kost signifikant an. In den teilnehmenden Krankenhäusern konnten keine signifikanten Verbesserungen in den durchgeführten Interventionen beobachtet werden.

Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse zeigen einen signifikanten Rückgang in der Prävalenz bzw. des Risikos für Mangelernährung, wobei Verbesserungen in Prävention und Behandlung beobachtet wurden. Somit liefert diese Studie Hinweise dafür, dass die Teilnahme an wiederholten Querschnittstudien das Bewusstsein für Mangelernährung erhöhen kann. Es wird empfohlen, diese Ergebnisse in weiteren wiederholten multizentrischen Querschnittstudien mit größeren Stichproben und umfassenderen Analysen zu bekräftigen.

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence, prevention and treatment of malnutrition in hospitals and nursing homes which participated three or four times, respectively, in repeated cross-sectional studies.

Material and Methods: This study uses data from nine hospitals and five nursing homes which participated in the European Care Quality Measurement three or four times from 2009 to 2012. For data collection purposes, a tested and standardized questionnaire was used at each data collection point.

Results: In hospitals which participated four times, the prevalence of malnutrition dropped significantly from 29.1 to 21.6 %. In hospitals and nursing homes which participated three times, the prevalence of malnutrition and malnutrition risk also decreased significantly. The use of validated screening tools increased significantly from 21.7 to 41 % in hospitals which participated four times, and from 2.4 to 97.9 % in nursing home which participated four times. The use of energy and protein-enriched diets increased significantly in all nursing homes of the study sample. No significant improvements regarding nutritional interventions could be observed in hospitals.

Conclusion: The results show a significant decrease with regard to the prevalence of malnutrition and malnutrition risk, while improvements in prevention and treatment could be observed. Participation in repeated cross-sectional studies may have played a critical role in increasing malnutrition awareness. It is recommended to verify the obtained results in further repeated multicentre cross-sectional studies, with larger sample sizes and more comprehensive analyses.

Schlüsselwörter

Mangelernährung - Krankenhäuser - Pflegeheime - Querschnittstudie

Keywords

malnutrition - hospitals - nursing homes - cross-sectional study
 

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