Übersicht – Aktuelle Entwicklungen der Systemtherapie des fortgeschrittenen metastasierten Melanoms

Melanome gehen aus den Melanozyten der Haut und selten auch der Schleimhäute, Uvea oder der Meningen hervor und gehören zu den aggressivsten Tumoren mit drastisch steigender Inzidenz und hoher Therapieresistenz [1]. Neben familiärer Prädisposition, multiplen melanozytären Nävi, einem hellem Hauttyp und einer Immunsuppression werden vor allem Sonnenbrände während der Kindheit, als Zeichen für intermittierend hohe Dosen ultravioletten Lichts, für die Entstehung von Melanomen verantwortlich gemacht. Für das Jahr 2014 prognostizierte das Robert-Koch-Institut für Deutschland rund 19 700 Neuerkrankungen [2]. Die Prognose der Erkrankung richtet sich im Wesentlichen nach der TNM-Klassifikation und dem daraus resultierenden Stadium des American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 2009, wobei die Chance für eine kurative Therapie in den frühen Tumorstadien am größten ist [3]. Doch durch neue Therapieansätze haben sich die Chancen einer langfristigen Kontrolle auch beim fernmetastasierten Melanom erhöht.

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