Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2014; 82(7): 414-426
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1366669
Fort- und Weiterbildung
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Mortalität und plötzlicher unerwarteter Tod bei Epilepsie (SUDEP)

Mortality and Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP)
R. Surges
,
C. E. Elger
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
11 July 2014 (online)

Lernziele

Dieser Artikel fasst aktuelle Erkenntnisse zur vorzeitigen Sterblichkeit und Inzidenz, Pathophysiologie, sowie zu den Risikofaktoren und zur möglichen Prävention des plötzlichen unerwarteten Todes bei Epilepsie (Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy, SUDEP) zusammen und bezieht Stellung zur kontrovers diskutierten Frage der SUDEP-Aufklärung von Epilepsiepatienten und deren Angehörigen.

 
  • Literatur

  • 1 Forsgren L, Beghi E, Oun A et al. The epidemiology of epilepsy in Europe – a systematic review. Eur J Neurol 2005; 12: 245-253
  • 2 Duncan JS, Sander JW, Sisodiya SM et al. Adult epilepsy. Lancet 2006; 367: 1087-1100
  • 3 Kwan P, Brodie MJ. Early identification of refractory epilepsy. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 314-319
  • 4 Bergey GK. Neurostimulation in the treatment of epilepsy. Exp Neurol 2013; 244: 87-95
  • 5 Mohanraj R, Norrie J, Stephen LJ et al. Mortality in adults with newly diagnosed and chronic epilepsy: a retrospective comparative study. Lancet Neurol 2006; 5: 481-487
  • 6 Neligan A, Bell GS, Johnson AL et al. The long-term risk of premature mortality in people with epilepsy. Brain 2011; 134: 388-395
  • 7 Bell GS, Gaitatzis A, Bell CL et al. Drowning in people with epilepsy: how great is the risk?. Neurology 2008; 71: 578-582
  • 8 Lopinto-Khoury C, Mintzer S. Antiepileptic drugs and markers of vascular risk. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2010; 12: 300-308
  • 9 Surges R, Thijs RD, Tan HL et al. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: risk factors and potential pathomechanisms. Nat Rev Neurol 2009; 5: 492-504
  • 10 Nashef L. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: terminology and definitions. Epilepsia 1997; 38 (Suppl. 11) S6-S8
  • 11 Ficker DM, So EL, Shen WK et al. Population-based study of the incidence of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy. Neurology 1998; 51: 1270-1274
  • 12 Tomson T, Nashef L, Ryvlin P. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: current knowledge and future directions. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7: 1021-1031
  • 13 Holst AG, Winkel BG, Risgaard B et al. Epilepsy and risk of death and sudden unexpected death in the young: a nationwide study. Epilepsia 2013; 54: 1613-1620
  • 14 Hesdorffer DC, Tomson T, Benn E et al. ILAE Commission on Epidemiology; Subcommission on Mortality. Combined analysis of risk factors for SUDEP. Epilepsia 2011; 52: 1150-1159
  • 15 Hesdorffer DC, Tomson T, Benn E et al. ILAE Commission on Epidemiology (Subcommission on Mortality). Do antiepileptic drugs or generalized tonic-clonic seizure frequency increase SUDEP risk? A combined analysis. Epilepsia 2012; 53: 249-252
  • 16 Sillanpää M, Shinnar S. Long-term mortality in childhood-onset epilepsy. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 2522-2529
  • 17 Lamberts RJ, Thijs RD, Laffan A et al. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: people with nocturnal seizures may be at highest risk. Epilepsia 2012; 53: 253-257
  • 18 Glasscock E. Genomic biomarkers of SUDEP in brain and heart. Epilepsy Behav 2013; DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.09.019.
  • 19 Monté CP, Arends JB, Tan IY et al. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy patients: Risk factors. A systematic review. Seizure 2007; 16: 1-7
  • 20 Langan Y, Nashef L, Sander JW. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a series of witnessed deaths. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000; 68: 211-213
  • 21 Baumgartner C, Lurger S, Leutmezer F. Autonomic symptoms during epileptic seizures. Epileptic Disord 2001; 3: 103-116
  • 22 Bateman LM, Li CS, Seyal M. Ictal hypoxemia in localization-related epilepsy: analysis of incidence, severity and risk factors. Brain 2008; 131: 3239-3245
  • 23 Seyal M, Bateman LM, Albertson TE et al. Respiratory changes with seizures in localization-related epilepsy: analysis of periictal hypercapnia and airflow patterns. Epilepsia 2010; 51: 1359-1364
  • 24 Surges R, Taggart P, Sander JW et al. Too long or too short? New insights into abnormal cardiac repolarization in people with chronic epilepsy and its potential role in sudden unexpected death. Epilepsia 2010; 51: 738-744
  • 25 Simon RP, Aminoff MJ, Benowitz NL. Changes in plasma catecholamines after tonic-clonic seizures. Neurology 1984; 34: 255-257
  • 26 Duplyakov D, Golovina G, Lyukshina N et al. Syncope, seizure-induced bradycardia and asystole: Two cases and review of clinical and pathophysiological features. Seizure 2014; DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2014.03.004.
  • 27 Schuele SU, Bermeo AC, Locatelli E et al. Ictal asystole: a benign condition?. Epilepsia 2008; 49: 168-171
  • 28 Schuele SU, Bermeo AC, Alexopoulos AV et al. Anoxia-ischemia: a mechanism of seizure termination in ictal asystole. Epilepsia 2010; 51: 170-173
  • 29 Espinosa PS, Lee JW, Tedrow UB et al. Sudden unexpected near death in epilepsy: malignant arrhythmia from a partial seizure. Neurology 2009; 72: 1702-1703
  • 30 Ferlisi M, Tomei R, Carletti M et al. Seizure induced ventricular fibrillation: a case of near-SUDEP. Seizure 2013; 22: 249-251
  • 31 Morita H, Wu J, Zipes DP. The QT syndromes: long and short. Lancet 2008; 372: 750-763
  • 32 Surges R, Adjei P, Kallis C et al. Pathologic cardiac repolarization in pharmacoresistant epilepsy and its potential role in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a case-control study. Epilepsia 2010; 51: 233-242
  • 33 Surges R, Scott CA, Walker MC. Enhanced QT shortening and persistent tachycardia after generalized seizures. Neurology 2010; 74: 421-426
  • 34 Stöllberger C, Wegner C, Finsterer J. Seizure-associated Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy. Epilepsia 2011; 52: e160-e167
  • 35 Dupuis M, van Rijckevorsel K, Evrard F et al. Tako-Tsubo syndrome (TKS): a possible mechanism of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Seizure 2012; 21: 51-54
  • 36 Singh K, Carson K, Shah R et al. Meta-Analysis of Clinical Correlates of Acute Mortality in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 2014; 113: 1420-1428
  • 37 Hashimoto M, Nakajima M, Kuroda R et al. Sudden unexpected death in a patient with epilepsy presenting with high N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide level, cardiac lesions, and pulmonary edema. Int J Cardiol 2014; 172: e265-e267
  • 38 Lhatoo SD, Faulkner HJ, Dembny K et al. An electroclinical case-control study of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Ann Neurol 2010; 68: 787-796
  • 39 Surges R, Strzelczyk A, Scott CA et al. Postictal generalized electroencephalographic suppression is associated with generalized seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2011; 21: 271-274
  • 40 Freitas J, Kaur G, Fernandez GB et al. Age-specific periictal electroclinical features of generalized tonic-clonic seizures and potential risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Epilepsy Behav 2013; 29: 289-294
  • 41 Ryvlin P, Nashef L, Lhatoo SD et al. Incidence and mechanisms of cardiorespiratory arrests in epilepsy monitoring units (MORTEMUS): a retrospective study. Lancet Neurol 2013; 12: 966-977
  • 42 Seyal M, Hardin KA, Bateman LM. Postictal generalized EEG suppression is linked to seizure-associated respiratory dysfunction but not postictal apnea. Epilepsia 2012; 53: 825-831
  • 43 Lamberts RJ, Laranjo S, Kalitzin SN et al. Postictal generalized EEG suppression is not associated with periictal cardiac autonomic instability in people with convulsive seizures. Epilepsia 2013; 54: 523-529
  • 44 Ryvlin P, Cucherat M, Rheims S. Risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy in patients given adjunctive antiepileptic treatment for refractory seizures: a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomised trials. Lancet Neurol 2011; 10: 961-968
  • 45 Ryvlin P, Montavont A, Kahane P. The impact of epilepsy surgery on mortality. Epileptic Disord 2005; 7 (Suppl. 01) S39-S46
  • 46 Seymour N, Granbichler CA, Polkey CE et al. Mortality after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery. Epilepsia 2012; 53: 267-271
  • 47 Morris GL, Gloss D, Buchhalter J et al. Evidence-based guideline update: vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of epilepsy: report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2013; 81: 1453-1459
  • 48 Langan Y, Nashef L, Sander JW. Case-control study of SUDEP. Neurology 2005; 64: 1131-1133
  • 49 Seyal M, Bateman LM, Li CS. Impact of periictal interventions on respiratory dysfunction, postictal EEG suppression, and postictal immobility. Epilepsia 2013; 54: 377-382
  • 50 Swinghamer J, Devinsky O, Friedman D. Can post-ictal intervention prevent sudden unexpected death in epilepsy? A report of two cases. Epilepsy Behav 2012; 24: 377-379
  • 51 Catcheside PG, Mohtar AA, Reynolds KJ. Airflow resistance and CO(2) rebreathing properties of anti-asphyxia pillows designed for epilepsy. Seizure 2014; DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2014.03.007.
  • 52 Van de Vel A, Cuppens K, Bonroy B et al. Non-EEG seizure-detection systems and potential SUDEP prevention: state of the art. Seizure 2013; 22: 345-355
  • 53 Tupal S, Faingold CL. Evidence supporting a role of serotonin in modulation of sudden death induced by seizures in DBA/2 mice. Epilepsia 2006; 47: 21-26
  • 54 Richerson GB. Serotonin: The Anti-SuddenDeathAmine?. Epilepsy Curr 2013; 13: 241-244
  • 55 Faingold CL, Tupal S, Randall M. Prevention of seizure-induced sudden death in a chronic SUDEP model by semichronic administration of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Epilepsy Behav 2011; 22: 186-190
  • 56 Bateman LM, Li CS, Lin TC et al. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors are associated with reduced severity of ictal hypoxemia in medically refractory partial epilepsy. Epilepsia 2010; 51: 2211-2214
  • 57 Shen HY, Li T, Boison D. A novel mouse model for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP): role of impaired adenosine clearance. Epilepsia 2010; 51: 465-468
  • 58 Ryvlin P, Nashef L, Tomson T. Prevention of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: a realistic goal?. Epilepsia 2013; 54 (Suppl. 02) S23-S28
  • 59 Kurisu S, Kihara Y. Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy: clinical presentation and underlying mechanism. J Cardiol 2012; 60: 429-437
  • 60 Baumann A, Audibert G, McDonnell J et al. Neurogenic pulmonary edema. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2007; 51: 447-455
  • 61 Hoppe C, Elger CE. Depression in epilepsy: a critical review from a clinical perspective. Nat Rev Neurol 2011; 7: 462-472
  • 62 Alvarez PA, Pahissa J. QT alterations in psychopharmacology: proven candidates and suspects. Curr Drug Saf 2010; 5: 97-104
  • 63 Anonymous. Retigabine: fewer drug interactions. Prescrire Int 2012; 21: 61
  • 64 Kasarskis EJ, Kuo CS, Berger R et al. Carbamazepine-induced cardiac dysfunction. Characterization of two distinct clinical syndromes. Arch Intern Med 1992; 152: 186-191
  • 65 Nizam A, Mylavarapu K, Thomas D et al. Lacosamide-induced second-degree atrioventricular block in a patient with partial epilepsy. Epilepsia 2011; 52: e153-e155
  • 66 Aurlien D, Larsen JP, Gjerstad L et al. Increased risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy in females using lamotrigine: a nested, case-control study. Epilepsia 2012; 53: 258-266
  • 67 Tomson T, Hirsch LJ, Friedman D et al. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy in lamotrigine randomized-controlled trials. Epilepsia 2013; 54: 135-140
  • 68 Strzelczyk A, Cenusa M, Bauer S et al. Management and long-term outcome in patients presenting with ictal asystole or bradycardia. Epilepsia 2011; 52: 1160-1167
  • 69 Moseley BD, Ghearing GR, Munger TM et al. The treatment of ictal asystole with cardiac pacing. Epilepsia 2011; 52: e16-e19
  • 70 Morton B, Richardson A, Duncan S. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP): don't ask, don't tell?. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77: 199-202
  • 71 Vegni E, Leone D, Canevini MP et al. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP): a pilot study on truth telling among Italian epileptologists. Neurol Sci 2011; 32: 331-335
  • 72 Gayatri NA, Morrall MC, Jain V et al. Parental and physician beliefs regarding the provision and content of written sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) information. Epilepsia 2010; 51: 777-782
  • 73 NICE (National Institute for Clinical Excellence). The epilepsies: the diagnosis and management of the epilepsies in adults and children in primary and secondary care. London: NICE; 2012
  • 74 DeGiorgio CM, Miller P, Meymandi S et al. RMSSD, a measure of vagus-mediated heart rate variability, is associated with risk factors for SUDEP: the SUDEP-7 Inventory. Epilepsy Behav 2010; 19: 78-81
  • 75 Shankar R, Cox D, Jalihal V et al. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP): development of a safety checklist. Seizure 2013; 22: 812-817