Epidemiologie des Diabetes – aktuelle Zahlen

Zusammenfassung

In Deutschland sind verlässliche Daten zur Diabetesepidemiologie nach wie vor rar. Insbesondere zum nicht diagnostizierten Diabetes liegen auf der Basis von oralen Glukosetoleranztests keine deutschlandweiten Schätzungen vor. Zur Beurteilung der Diabetesprävalenz werden daher unterschiedliche Datenquellen herangezogen, deren methodische Vor- und Nachteile beachtet werden müssen. Insgesamt lassen die Studienergebnisse darauf schließen, dass insbesondere der Typ-2-Diabetes in Deutschland weit verbreitet ist. Im IDF-Atlas 2013 rangiert Deutschland europaweit sogar an zweiter Stelle, was die absolute Zahl an Diabetesfällen angeht. Darüber hinaus sind erhebliche regionale Unterschiede festzustellen mit einer deutlich höheren Prävalenz im Nordosten und Osten Deutschlands gegenüber dem Süden. Während sich die Versorgungssituation und die Therapieoptionen in den letzten Jahren insgesamt verbessert haben, ist die Mortalität bei Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes im Vergleich zur Gesamtbevölkerung immer noch erhöht.

Abstract

In Germany, valid epidemiological data for full accounting of type 2 diabetes prevalence including undiagnosed and diagnosed diabetes is still not available on nationwide level. Therefore, heterogeneous study types are used to determine the current epidemiological situation of diabetes in Germany. The current article gives an overview on the available data and discusses pros and cons of different methodological approaches. Overall, the available data suggest that numbers of type 2 diabetes are especially high in Germany, even ranking second for number of cases comparing all European countries in the IDF-Atlas 2013. Yet substantial regional differences exist with a considerably higher prevalence in the northeastern regions than in the south of Germany. While treatment options for type 2 diabetes and its complications have increased during the last years, overall mortality is still increased in persons with diabetes in comparison to the general population.

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