Krebsvorsorge – Blasen-, Nieren- und Hodenkarzinom

Zusammenfassung

Für die Früherkennung von Tumoren der Harnblase, Niere und Hoden gibt es effektive Untersuchungsmethoden. Besonders bei Risikopatienten sollte man diese regelmäßig anwenden und somit die Diagnose eines Tumors im Frühstadium ermöglichen. Allerdings konnte bisher nicht nachgewiesen werden, dass routinemäßige Vorsorgeuntersuchungen für Blasen-, Nieren- und Hodentumoren die tumorbedingte Mortalität signifikant reduzieren.

Kernaussagen

• Jede urologische Vorsorgeuntersuchung sollte für die Identifikation von Risikofaktoren eine Familien- und Sozialanamnese beinhalten.

• Eine persistierende Mikrohämaturie ohne Anzeichen einer nephrologischen Erkrankung bedarf einer genauen urologischen Abklärung.

• Die Urinzytologie hat nur eine eingeschränkte Sensitivität für die Identifikation von Urothelkarzinomen.

• Neue Urinmarker für das Blasenkarzinom (NMP22, FISH, Immunzytologie) sind sensitiver, verursachen jedoch mehr falsch positive Tests.

• Zufällig entdeckte Nierenzysten sind häufig und sollten bei komplizierenden Faktoren (Septen, Binnenechos, Verkalkungen) durch ein 4-Phasen-Kontrastmittel-CT abgeklärt werden.

• Patienten mit genetischen Syndromen und einem erhöhten Risiko für Nierentumoren muss ein regelmäßiges Screening empfohlen werden.

• Die Selbstpalpation ist die effektivste Vorsorge für einen Hodentumor.

Schlüsselwörter

Blasenkarzinom - Nierenkarzinom - Hodenkarzinom - Früherkennung

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