Subscribe to RSS
Please copy the URL and add it into your RSS Feed Reader.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/en/10.1055-s-00000070.xml
Download PDF
Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2013; 17(02): 156-167
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1343071
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1343071
Imaging of Benign Soft Tissue Tumors
Further Information
Publication History
Publication Date:
14 May 2013 (online)
Abstract
The evaluation of soft tissue tumors should be approached systematically, with careful assessment of the patient's age, clinical presentation, anatomical location of the mass, and MRI characteristics. The imaging evaluation of a suspected soft tissue mass begins with conventional radiography to exclude an underlying osseous lesion and assess for any lesional calcification. MRI is particularly useful in evaluating the signal intensity, enhancement pattern, and extent of soft tissue masses that can expand beyond fascial planes and involve the neurovascular bundle, joint, or bone. Among the common benign soft tissue tumors, a fairly definitive imaging diagnosis can be made in cases of lipoma, elastofibroma dorsi, hemangiomas, myositis ossificans, giant cell tumor of tendon sheath, and peripheral nerve sheath tumors. In the remaining cases, the differential diagnosis can be narrowed by knowing the patient's demographics and any associated syndromes, in conjunction with recognizing specific MRI features. Knowledge of the World Health Organization's tumor designations and the incidence of specific tumors based on patient age and anatomical location are vital tools for the interpreting radiologist.
-
References
- 1 Murphey MD, Kransdorf MJ. Radiologic evaluation of soft tissue tumors. In: Weiss SW, Goldblum JR, , eds. Enzinger and Weiss's Soft Tissue Tumors. 5th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 2008: 33-71
- 2 Peterson JJ, Bancroft LW, Kransdorf MJ. Principles of tumor imaging. Eur J Radiol 2005; 56 (3) 319-330
- 3 Wu JS, Hochman MG. Soft-tissue tumors and tumorlike lesions: a systematic imaging approach. Radiology 2009; 253 (2) 297-316
- 4 Stein-Wexler R. MR imaging of soft tissue masses in children. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2009; 17 (3) 489-507 , vi
- 5 Walker EA, Fenton ME, Salesky JS, Murphey MD. Magnetic resonance imaging of benign soft tissue neoplasms in adults. Radiol Clin North Am 2011; 49 (6) 1197-1217 , vi
- 6 Kransdorf MJ. Benign soft-tissue tumors in a large referral population: distribution of specific diagnoses by age, sex, and location. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995; 164 (2) 395-402
- 7 Bancroft LW, Peterson JJ, Kransdorf MJ, Berquist TH. Imaging of soft tissue lesions of the foot and ankle. Radiol Clin North Am 2008; 46 (6) 1093-1103
- 8 Fletcher CDM, Unni JJ, Mertens F , eds. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2000
- 9 Nielsen GP, Mandahi N. Lipoma. In: Fletcher CDM, Unni JJ, Mertens F, , eds. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2000: 20-22
- 10 Bancroft LW, Kransdorf MJ, Peterson JJ, O'Connor MI. Benign fatty tumors: classification, clinical course, imaging appearance, and treatment. Skeletal Radiol 2006; 35 (10) 719-733
- 11 Bancroft LW, Kransdorf MJ, Peterson JJ, Sundaram M, Murphey MD, O'Connor MI. Imaging characteristics of spindle cell lipoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003; 181 (5) 1251-1254
- 12 Kransdorf MJ, Bancroft LW, Peterson JJ, Murphey MD, Foster WC, Temple HT. Imaging of fatty tumors: distinction of lipoma and well-differentiated liposarcoma. Radiology 2002; 224 (1) 99-104
- 13 Ha TV, Kleinman PK, Fraire A , et al. MR imaging of benign fatty tumors in children: report of four cases and review of the literature. Skeletal Radiol 1994; 23 (5) 361-367
- 14 Sciot R, Mandahl N. Lipoblastoma/lipoblastomatosis. In: Fletcher CDM, Unni JJ, Mertens F, , eds. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2000: 26-27
- 15 Chen CW, Chang WC, Lee HS, Ko KH, Chang CC, Huang GS. MRI features of lipoblastoma: differentiating from other palpable lipomatous tumor in pediatric patients. Clin Imaging 2010; 34 (6) 453-457
- 16 Weiss SW, Goldblum JR. Benign lipomatous tumors. In: Weiss SW, Goldblum JR, , eds. Enzinger and Weiss's Soft Tissue Tumors. 5th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 2008: 429-476
- 17 Nielsen GP, Rosenberg AE. Lipomatosis. In: Fletcher CDM, Unni JJ, Mertens F, , eds. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2000: 23-24
- 18 McEachern A, Janzen DL, O'Connell JX. Shoulder girdle lipomatosis. Skeletal Radiol 1995; 24 (6) 471-473
- 19 Gutzeit A, Binkert CA, Schmidt S , et al. Growing fatty mass in the back: diagnosis of a multiple symmetric lipomatosis (Madelung's disease) in association with chronic alcoholism. Skeletal Radiol 2012; 41 (4) 465-466 ; 489–490
- 20 Robbin MR, Murphey MD, Temple HT, Kransdorf MJ, Choi JJ. Imaging of musculoskeletal fibromatosis. Radiographics 2001; 21 (3) 585-600
- 21 Lee JC, Thomas JM, Phillips S, Fisher C, Moskovic E. Aggressive fibromatosis: MRI features with pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006; 186 (1) 247-254
- 22 Weiss SW, Goldblum JR. Fibromatoses. In: Weiss SW, Goldblum JR, , eds. Enzinger and Weiss's Soft Tissue Tumors. 5th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 2008: 227-256
- 23 Goldblum JR, Fletcher JA. Desmoid-type fibromatoses. In: Fletcher CDM, Unni JJ, Mertens F, , eds. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2000: 83-84
- 24 Oweis Y, Lucas DR, Brandon CJ, Girish G, Jacobson JA, Fessell DP. Extra-abdominal desmoid tumor with osseous involvement. Skeletal Radiol 2012; 41 (4) 483-487
- 25 Kransdorf MJ, Murphey MD. Benign fibrous and fibrohistiocytic tumors. In: Kransdorf MJ, Murphey MD, , ed. Imaging of Soft Tissue Tumors. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006: 189-256
- 26 Kransdorf MJ, Jelinek JS, Moser Jr RP , et al. Magnetic resonance appearance of fibromatosis. A report of 14 cases and review of the literature. Skeletal Radiol 1990; 19 (7) 495-499
- 27 McCarville MB, Hoffer FA, Adelman CS, Khoury JD, Li C, Skapek SX. MRI and biologic behavior of desmoid tumors in children. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007; 189 (3) 633-640
- 28 Dinauer PA, Brixey CJ, Moncur JT, Fanburg-Smith JC, Murphey MD. Pathologic and MR imaging features of benign fibrous soft-tissue tumors in adults. Radiographics 2007; 27 (1) 173-187
- 29 Hashimoto H, Bridge JA. Elastofibroma. In: Fletcher CDM, Unni JJ, Mertens F, , eds. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2000: 56-57
- 30 Tamimi Mariño I, Sesma Solis P, Pérez Lara A, Martinez Malo J, Vazquez ML, Tamimi F. Sensitivity and positive predictive value of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of elastofibroma dorsi: review of fourteen cases. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2013; 22 (1) 57-63
- 31 Naylor MF, Nascimento AG, Sherrick AD, McLeod RA. Elastofibroma dorsi: radiologic findings in 12 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1996; 167 (3) 683-687
- 32 Rosenberg AE. Myositis ossificans and fibroosseous pseudotumor of digits. In: Fletcher CDM, Unni JJ, Mertens F, , eds. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2000: 52-54
- 33 Tyler P, Saifuddin A. The imaging of myositis ossificans. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2010; 14 (2) 201-216
- 34 Blankenbaker DG, Tuite MJ. Temporal changes of muscle injury. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2010; 14 (2) 176-193
- 35 Shelly MJ, Hodnett PA, MacMahon PJ, Moynagh MR, Kavanagh EC, Eustace SJ. MR imaging of muscle injury. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2009; 17 (4) 757-773 ; vii
- 36 De St Aubain Somerhausen N, Dal Cin P. Giant cell tumour of tendon sheath. In: Fletcher CDM, Unni JJ, Mertens F, , eds. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2000: 110-111
- 37 Fox MG, Kransdorf MJ, Bancroft LW, Peterson JJ, Flemming DJ. MR imaging of fibroma of the tendon sheath. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2003; 180 (5) 1449-1453
- 38 Hashimoto H, Quade B. Angioleiomyoma. In: Fletcher CDM, Unni JJ, Mertens F, , eds. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2000: 128-129
- 39 Davies CE, Davies AM, Kindblom LG, James SL. Soft tissue tumors with muscle differentiation. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2010; 14 (2) 245-256
- 40 Ogura K, Goto T, Nemoto T. Painless giant angioleiomyoma in the subfascia of the lower leg. J Foot Ankle Surg 2012; 51 (1) 99-102
- 41 Jalgaonkar A, Dachepalli S, Farid M, Rao S. Angioleiomyoma of the knee: case series and an unusual cause of knee pain. J Knee Surg 2011; 24 (1) 33-37
- 42 Gupte C, Butt SH, Tirabosco R, Saifuddin A. Angioleiomyoma: magnetic resonance imaging features in ten cases. Skeletal Radiol 2008; 37 (11) 1003-1009
- 43 Hashimoto H, Quade B. Leiomyoma of deep soft tissue. In: Fletcher CDM, Unni JJ, Mertens F, , eds. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2000: 130
- 44 Miki Y, Abe S, Tokizaki T, Harasawa A, Imamura T, Matsushita T. Imaging characteristics of calcified leiomyoma of deep soft tissue. J Orthop Sci 2007; 12 (6) 601-605
- 45 Jalgaonkar A, Mohan A, Dawson-Bowling S, Skinner J, Briggs TW. Deep soft tissue leiomyoma mimicking fibromatosis in a 5-year-old male. J Foot Ankle Surg 2012; 51 (1) 110-113
- 46 Folpe AL. Glomus tumours. In: Fletcher CDM, Unni JJ, Mertens F, , eds. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2000: 110-111
- 47 Glazebrook KN, Laundre BJ, Schiefer TK, Inwards CY. Imaging features of glomus tumors. Skeletal Radiol 2011; 40 (7) 855-862
- 48 Kransdorf MJ, Murphey MD. Vascular and lymphatic tumors. In: Kransdorf MJ, Murphey MD, , eds. Imaging of Soft Tissue Tumors. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006: 150-188
- 49 Kapadia SB, Barr FG. Rhabdomyoma. In: Fletcher CDM, Unni JJ, Mertens F, , eds. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2000: 142-145
- 50 Weiss SW, Goldblum JR. Rhabdomyoma. In: Weiss SW, Goldblum JR, , eds. Enzinger and Weiss's Soft Tissue Tumors. 5th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 2008: 583-594
- 51 Kransdorf MJ, Murphey MD , et al. Muscle tumors. In: Kransdorf MJ, Murphey MD, , eds. Imaging of Soft Tissue Tumors. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006: 298-327
- 52 Calonje E. Hemangiomas. In: Fletcher CDM, Unni JJ, Mertens F, , eds. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2000: 156-158
- 53 Cahill AM, Nijs EL. Pediatric vascular malformations: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and the role of interventional radiology. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2011; 34 (4) 691-704
- 54 Weiss SW, Goldblum JR. Benign tumors and tumor-like lesions of blood vessels. In: Weiss SW, Goldblum JR, , eds. Enzinger and Weiss's Soft Tissue Tumors. 5th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 2008: 633-679
- 55 Kramer U, Ernemann U, Fenchel M , et al. Pretreatment evaluation of peripheral vascular malformations using low-dose contrast-enhanced time-resolved 3D MR angiography: initial results in 22 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011; 196 (3) 702-711
- 56 Elsayes KM, Menias CO, Dillman JR, Platt JF, Willatt JM, Heiken JP. Vascular malformation and hemangiomatosis syndromes: spectrum of imaging manifestations. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2008; 190 (5) 1291-1299
- 57 Mertens F, Unni K. Enchondromatosis: Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome. In: Fletcher CDM, Unni JJ, Mertens F, , eds. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2000: 356-357
- 58 Beham A. Lymphangioma. In: Fletcher CDM, Unni JJ, Mertens F, , eds. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2000: 162-163
- 59 Ly JQ, Gilbert BC, Davis SW, Beall DP, Richardson RR. Lymphangioma of the foot. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2005; 184 (1) 205-206
- 60 Kransdorf MJ, Murphey MD. Vascular and lymphatic tumors. In: Kransdorf MJ, Murphey MD, , eds. Imaging of Soft Tissue Tumors. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006: 150-188
- 61 Nayler S, Heim S. Soft tissue chondroma. In: Fletcher CDM, Unni JJ, Mertens F, , eds. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2000: 180-181
- 62 Weiss SW, Goldblum JR. Cartilaginous soft tissue tumors. In: Weiss SW, Goldblum JR, , eds. Enzinger and Weiss's Soft Tissue Tumors. 5th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 2008: 1017-1038
- 63 Kransdorf MJ, Murphey MD. Extraskeletal osseous and cartilaginous tumors. In: Kransdorf MJ, Murphey MD, , eds. Imaging of Soft Tissue Tumors. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006: 427-480
- 64 Nielsen GP, Steinman G. Intramuscular myxoma. In: Fletcher CDM, Unni JJ, Mertens F, , eds. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2000: 186-187
- 65 Weiss SW, Goldblum JR. Benign soft tissue tumors and pseudotumors of uncertain type. In: Weiss SW, Goldblum JR, , eds. Enzinger and Weiss's Soft Tissue Tumors. 5th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 2008: 1063-1092
- 66 Bancroft LW, Kransdorf MJ, Menke DM, O'Connor MI, Foster WC. Intramuscular myxoma: characteristic MR imaging features. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002; 178 (5) 1255-1259
- 67 Murphey MD, McRae GA, Fanburg-Smith JC, Temple HT, Levine AM, Aboulafia AJ. Imaging of soft-tissue myxoma with emphasis on CT and MR and comparison of radiologic and pathologic findings. Radiology 2002; 225 (1) 215-224
- 68 Kransdorf MJ, Murphey MD. Tumors of uncertain histogenesis. In: Kransdorf MJ, Murphey MD, , eds. Imaging of Soft Tissue Tumors. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006: 481-510
- 69 Somford MP, de Vries JS, Dingemans W , et al. Juxta-articular myxoma of the knee. J Knee Surg 2011; 24 (4) 299-301
- 70 Kransdorf MJ, Murphey MD. Neurogenic tumors. In: Kransdorf MJ, Murphey MD, , eds. Imaging of Soft Tissue Tumors. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006: 328-380
- 71 Weiss SW, Goldblum JR. Benign tumors of peripheral nerves. In: Weiss SW, Goldblum JR, , eds. Enzinger and Weiss's Soft Tissue Tumors. 5th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 2008: 903-944
- 72 Abreu EAS, Aubert S, Wavreille G, Gheno R, Canella C, Cotten A. Peripheral tumor and tumor-like neurogenic lesions. Eur J Radiol 2013; 82 (1) 38-50
- 73 Jee WH, Oh SN, McCauley T , et al. Extraaxial neurofibromas versus neurilemmomas: discrimination with MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004; 183 (3) 629-633
- 74 Wasa J, Nishida Y, Tsukushi S , et al. MRI features in the differentiation of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors and neurofibromas. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2010; 194 (6) 1568-1574