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Klinische Neurophysiologie 2012; 43(04): 284-288
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1331718
Originalia
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Juckreizerkrankungen der Haut

Itchy Pruritic Skin Diseases
U. Raap
1   Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Venerologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
,
S. Ständer
2   Kompetenzzentrum Chronischer Pruritus (KCP), Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Münster
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
20 December 2012 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Hauterkrankungen, die mit starkem Pruritus assoziiert sind, haben einen schwerwiegenden Einfluss auf die Lebensqualität von Patienten. Darüber hinaus kann der Pruritus den Krankheitsverlauf durch die Kratzaktivitäten und daraus entstehenden sekundären entzündlichen Hautläsionen, negativ beeinflussen. Die Diagnostik des Pruritus ist oftmals schwierig, da viele Faktoren für die Induktion des Pruritus in Frage kommen. Auch die Therapie des Pruritus ist für den Kliniker oftmals nicht einfach, da der Pruritus per se nicht immer mit gleichen Sensationen auftritt, sondern von der klinischen Symptomatik häufig sehr unterschiedlich sein kann. So kratzen sich Patienten mit atopischer Dermatitis aufgrund ihres Juckreizes oftmals bis es blutet, während Patienten mit Urtikaria sich niemals kratzen würden und sich eher die Haut reiben. Dies erklärt auch die Unterschiede der sekundären Hautläsionen, die durch den Pruritus entstehen können. In diesem Artikel beschreiben wir neueste Erkenntnisse zur Pruritus-Induktion mit immunologischen und neuronalen Grundlagen in Bezug zu Juckreizerkrankungen an der Haut, wie der Urtikaria und der atopischen Dermatitis.

Abstract

Skin diseases with strong pruritus have a major impact on the quality of life in patients. Furthermore, pruritus can severely and negatively affect the course of skin diseases through secondarily occurring skin lesions as a result of the itching. The diagnostic pathway for pruritus is often difficult, since many factors can contribute to the induction of itch. In addition, pruritus treatment is often not easy for clinicians, since it does not present uniformly but may be different in many aspects. For example, patients with pruritus in atopic dermatitis often scratch their skin until bleeding occurs while patients with urticaria do not scratch but rather rub their skin in response to the pruritus. In this article we highlight new findings of pruritus research covering immunological and neuronal backgrounds in relation to clinical diseases including urticaria, and atopic dermatitis.

Schlüsselwörter

atopische Dermatitis - Diagnostik - Juckreiz - Neurobiologie - Pruritus - Urtikaria

Key words

atopic dermatitis - diagnostic - itch - neurobiology - pruritus - urticaria
 

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