Trainieren 2.0 – Plädoyer für ein ganzheitliches Verständnis von Sport und Bewegung

Mit zunehmender Dauer von Weltraumaufenthalten stellen sich den Sport- und Bewegungswissenschaften neue Aufgaben. Während bisherige Arbeiten zum Einfluss von Trainingsinterventionen in Schwerelosigkeit primär darauf abzielten, den physiologischen Degenerationen entgegenzuwirken, gilt es in Zukunft zu verstehen, wie ausgewählte und individualisierte Bewegungsprogramme psychophysiologischen und psychosozialen Stressoren einer Langzeitisolation entgegenwirken und damit den Erfolg und die Sicherheit einer Mission nachhaltig beeinflussen können.

Dieser Artikel beschreibt den gegenwärtig stattfindenden Paradigmenwechsel von einer rein an akademischen Fragestellungen orientierten Sichtweise zum Erhalt der physischen Leistungsfähigkeit durch Sport- und Bewegungsinterventionen hin zu einem an anthropologisch-holistischen Grundsätzen orientierten Verständnis zum Erhalt von Gesundheit in mentaler, sozialer und physischer Sicht durch Sport und Bewegung.

With increasing duration of space missions, the role of regular exercise programs needs to be redefined. Whereas in the last decades exercise in space has mainly been used to counteract physiological deconditioning, future exercise programs should also take into account positive effects of exercise on mental performance. With regard to the underlying neurophysiological effects, exercise might be developed as a global tool to regulate a multitude of psycho-physiological processes occurring in space during long-term confinement and might be regarded as a key factor for mission success and safety.

This paper indicates the current upheavals in exercise science. Exercise is no longer just a tool to maintain physical fitness during long-term space missions but must be regarded as a holistic model to improve health on a mental, social and physical level.

Key words

neurocognitive enhancement - exercise - space - fronto-temporal cortex activity - mental health - safety

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