Abstract
Background The endoscopic excision of the odontoid process in irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation
(AAD) can be achieved by transnasal, transoral, and transcervical approaches. Endoscopic
transoral technique has been found to be effective and safe. It avoids palatal splitting
or prolonged retraction. We are reporting our experience of 34 cases. The relevant
literature is reviewed.
Material and Methods This was a prospective study of 34 patients treated during the past 5 years. Detailed
history was taken and a thorough physical examination was made to record preoperative
status. X-ray cervical spine lateral view (in neutral, flexion, and extension), anteroposterior
(AP), and transoral view for the odontoid process were taken. Preoperative computed
tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and postoperative CT scans
were done in all cases. Postoperative status at 1, 6, and 12 months was recorded.
Results Age ranged from 15 to 56 years. There were 22 male and 12 female patients. Symptom
duration ranged from 6 to 18 months.Preoperatively, there were 26 and 8 patients in
Ranawat grades 3A and 3B, respectively. Five patients had tenth cranial nerve paresis.
There were 23, 10, and 1 cases of AAD, AAD with basilar invasion, and tuberculosis,
respectively. Palatal splitting was not required in any of the cases. All patients
improved after surgery. No deaths occurred. One patient had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
leak, which stopped after external lumbar drainage. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 65
months.
Conclusion Endoscopic transoral odontoidectomy is a safe and effective alternative technique
for odontoid excision. It can be performed in patients with small oral openings. Angled
scopes improved exposure of clivus and palatal splitting was not required even in
basilar invasion.
Keywords
atlantoaxial joint - dislocations - atlantoaxial fusion - endoscopic surgical procedures
