Preparation of ciprofloxacin-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles and their antibacterial effects against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Abstract

In the present research study, ciprofloxacincoated zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared using a precipitation method. The nature of interactions between zinc oxide nanoparticles and ciprofloxacin (CAS 85721-33-1) was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the carbonyl group in ciprofloxacin is actively involved in forming chemical – rather than physical – bonds with zinc oxide nanoparticles. Also the antibacterial activity of free zinc oxide nanoparticles and ciprofloxacin-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles have been evaluated against different clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The free zinc oxide nanoparticles did not show potent antibacterial activity against all test strains. In contrast, only the low concentrations of ciprofloxacincoated zinc oxide nanoparticles (equivalent to the sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of pure ciprofloxacin) considerably enhanced the antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles against different isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (4 to 32 fold increase). The result is of particular value, since it demonstrates that, by using biocompatible zinc oxide nanoparticles in combination therapy, lower amounts of antibiotics may be needed.

Key words

Antibacterials - CAS 85721-33-1 - Ciprofloxacin - Escherichia coli - Staphylococcus aureus - Zinc oxide nanoparticles

• References

• 1 Braga LC, Leite AA, Xavier KG, Takahashi JA, Bemquerer MP, Chartone-Souza E et al Synergic interaction between pomegranate extract and antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus. Can J Microbiol. 2005; 51: 541-7
• 2 Schito GC.. The importance of the development of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus . Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006; 12 (1) 3-8
• 3 Wright GD.. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics: enzymatic degradation and modification. Adv Drug Deliver Rev. 2005; 57: 1451-70
• 4 Renau TE, Hecker SJ, Lee VJ.. Antimicrobial potentiation approaches: targets and inhibitors. Ann Rep Med Chem. 1998; 33: 121-30
• 5 Wright GD.. Resisting resistance: new chemical strategies for battling superbugs. Chem Biol. 2000; 7: R127-32
• 6 Shahverdi AR, Fakhimi A, Shahverdi HR, Minaian S.. Synthesis and effect of silver nanoparticles on the antibacterial activity of different antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Nanomedicine. 2007; 3: 168-71
• 7 Holtz RD, Souza Filho AG, Brocchi M, Martins D, Duran N, Alves OL.. Development of nanostructured silver vanadates decorated with silver nanoparticles as a novel antibacterial agent. Nanotechnology. 2010; 21: 185102-
• 8 Eby DM, Luckarift HR, Johnson GR.. Hybrid antimicrobial enzyme and silver nanoparticle coatings for medical instruments. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2009; 1: 1553-60
• 9 Guerrero S, Araya E, Fiedler JL, Arias II, Adura C, Albericio F et al Improving the brain delivery of gold nanoparticles by conjugation with an amphipathic peptide. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2010; 5: 897-913
• 10 Wang LS, Wu LC, Lu SY, Chang LL, Teng IT, Yang CM et al Biofunctionalized phospholipid-capped mesoporous silica nanoshuttles for targeted drug delivery: improved water suspensibility and decreased nonspecific protein binding. ACS Nano. 2010; 4: 4371-9
• 11 Feng X, Lv F, Liu L, Tang H, Xing C, Yang Q et al Conjugated polymer nanoparticles for drug delivery and imaging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2010; 2: 2429-35
• 12 Hamidi M, Rafiei P, Azadi A, Mohammadi-Samani S.. Encapsulation of valproate-loaded hydrogel nanoparticles in intact human erythrocytes: a novel nano-cell composite for drug delivery. J Pharm Sci. 2011; 100: 1702-11
• 13 Khorramizadeh MR, Esmail Nazari Z, Zarei Ghaane Z, Shakibaie M, Mollazadeh Moghaddam K, Amini M et al Umbelliprenin-coated Fe₃0₄ magnetite nanoparticles: antiproliferation evaluation on human fibrosarcoma cell line (HT-1080). Mater Sci Eng C. 2010; 30: 1038-42
• 14 Selvaraj V, Grace AN, Alagar M, Hamerton I.. Antimicrobial and anticancer efficacy of antineoplastic agent capped gold nanoparticles. J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2010; 6: 129-37
• 15 Zhang LK, Hou SX, Zhang JQ, Hu WJ, Wang CY. Preparation characterization in vivo evaluation of mitoxan-trone-loaded, folate-conjugated albumin nanoparticles. Arch Pharm Res. 2010; 33: 1193-8
• 16 Dong X, Mumper RJ.. Nanomedicinal strategies to treat multidrug-resistant tumors: current progress. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2010; 5: 597-615
• 17 Banoee M, Seif S, Esmail Nazari Z, Jafari-Fesharaki P, Shahverdi HR., Moballegh A et al ZnO nanoparticles enhanced antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. J Biomed Mater ResB. 2010; 93: 557-61
• 18 Moballegh A, Shahverdi HR, Aghababazadeh R, Mirhabibi AR.. ZnO nanoparticles obtained by mechanochemical technique and the optical properties. Surface Sci. 2007; 60: 2850-4
• 19 National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically. Approved standard 5th ed. NCCLS document M7-A5 Wayne, PA: 2000
• 20 Leban I, Turel I, Bukovec NJ.. Crystal structure and characterization of the bismuth(III) compound with quinolone family member (ciprofloxacin). Antibacterial study. Inorg Biochem. 1997; 66: 241-5
• 21 Dobrzynska D, Jerzykiewicz LB, Duczmal M.. Synthesis and properties of iron (II) quinoline-2-carboxylates, crystal structure of trans-diaquabis(quinoline-2-carboxylato)iron (II) bis(dichloromethane) solvate. Polyhedron. 2005; 24: 407-12
• 22 Silverstein RM, Webster FX. Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds. 6th ed New York:: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.; 2004
• 23 Ponnusamy K, Ramasamy M, Savarimuthu I, Paulraj MG.. Indirubin potentiates ciprofloxacin activity in the NorA efflux pump of Staphylococcus aureus. Scand J Infect Dis. 2010; 42: 500-5
• 24 Kim ES, Jeong JY, Choi SH, Lee SO, Kim SH, Kim MN et al Plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone efflux pump gene, qepA, in Escherichia coli clinical isolates in Korea. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2009; 65: 335-8