Sport and Oxidative Stress in Oncological Patients

K. Knop; R. Schwan; M. Bongartz; W. Bloch; K. Brixius; F. Baumann

doi:10.1055/s-0031-1283180

International Journal of Sports Medicine, Table of Contents

Int J Sports Med 2011; 32(12): 960-964
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1283180

Clinical Sciences

Sport and Oxidative Stress in Oncological Patients

K. Knop

¹Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sports University Cologne, Germany

,

R. Schwan

¹Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sports University Cologne, Germany

,

M. Bongartz

²Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sport Medicine, German Sports University Cologne, Germany

,

W. Bloch

¹Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sports University Cologne, Germany

,

K. Brixius

¹Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sports University Cologne, Germany

,

F. Baumann

¹Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sports University Cologne, Germany

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Oxidative stress is thought to be an important factor in the onset, progression and recurrence of cancer. In order to investigate how it is influenced by physical activity, we measured oxidative stress and antioxidative capacity (aoC) in 12 women with breast cancer and 6 men with prostate cancer, before and after long hiking trips. Before the hike, the men had a ROS-concentration of 1.8±0.6 mM H₂O₂ and an aoC of 0.7±0.6 mM Trolox-equivalent (Tro), while the women had a ROS-concentration of 3.1±0.7 mM H₂O₂ and an aoC of 1.2±0.2 mM Tro. After the hike, women showed no significant change in ROS and a significant increase in aoC (1.3±0.2 mM Tro), while the ROS concentration in men increased significantly (2.1±0.3 mM H₂O₂) and their aoC decreased (0.25±0.1 mM Tro). After a regenerative phase, the ROS concentration of the men decreased to 1.7±0.4 mM H₂O₂ and their aoC recovered significantly (1.2±0.4 mM Tro), while the women presented no significant change in the concentration of H₂O₂ but showed an ulterior increase in antioxidant capacity (2.05±0.43 mM Tro). From this data we conclude that physical training programs as for example long distance hiking trips can improve the aoC in the blood of oncological patients.

Key words

oxidative stress - antioxidant capacity - cancer - sport

Full Text

References

References
1 Andersson H, Karlsen A, Blomhoff R, Raastad T, Kadi F. Plasma antioxidant responses and oxidative stress following a soccer game in elite female players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2010; 20: 600-608
2 Attipoe S, Parc JY, Fenty N, Phares D, Brown M. Oxidative stress levels are reduced in postmenopausal woman with exercise training regardless of Hormone Replacement Therapy Status. J Women Aging 2008; 20: 31-45
3 Badid N, Baba Ahmed FZ, Merzouk H, Belbraouet S, Mokhtari N, Merzouk SA, Benhabib R, Hamzaoui D, Narce M. Oxidant/antioxidant status, lipids and hormonal profile in overweight women with breast cancer. Pathol Oncol 2009; 16: 159-167
4 Child RB, Wilkinson DM, Fallowfield JL, Donnelly AE. Elevated serum antioxidant capacity and plasma malondialdehyde concentration in response to a simulated half-marathon run. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998; 30: 1603-1607
5 Covas MI, Nyyssönen K, Poulsen HE, Kaikkonen J, Zunft HJ, Kiesewetter H, Gaddi A, de la Torre R, Mursu J, Bäumler H, Nascetti S, Salonen JT, Fitó M, Virtanen J, Marrugat J. The effect of polyphenols in olive oil on heart disease risk factors: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2006; 145: 333-341
6 Dröge W. Oxidative stress and aging. Adv Exp Med Biol 2003; 543: 191-200
7 Duncan K, Harris S, Ardies CM. Running exercise may reduce risk for lung and liver cancer by inducing activity of antioxidant and phase II enzymes. Cancer Lett 1997; 116: 151-158
8 Ennezat PV, Malendowicz SL, Testa M, Colombo PC, Cohen-Solal A, Evans T, LeJemtel TH. Physical training in patients with chronic heart failure enhances the expression of genes encoding antioxidative enzymes. J Am Coll Cardio 2001; 38: 194-198
9 Fischer CP, Berntsen A, Perstrup LB, Eskildsen P, Pedersen BK. Plasma levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein are associated with physical inactivity independent of obesity. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2007; 17: 580-587
10 Frenkl R, Györe A, Szeberényi S. The effect of muscular exercise on the microsomal enzyme system of the rat liver. Eur J Appl Physiol 1980; 44: 135-140
11 Fusco R, Galgani M, Procaccini C, Franco R, Pirozzi G, Fucci L, Laccetti P, Matarese G. Cellular and molecular crosstalk between leptin receptor and estrogen receptor-{alpha} in breast cancer: molecular basis for a novel therapeutic setting. Endocr Relat Cancer 2010; 17: 373-382
12 Galassetti PR, Nemet D, Pescatello A, Rose-Gottron C, Larson J, Cooper DM. Exercise, caloric restriction, and systemic oxidative stress. J Investig Med 2006; 54: 67-75
13 Grivennikov SI, Greten FR, Karin M. Immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Cell 2010; 140: 883-899
14 Harriss DJ, Atkinson G. Update – Ethical Standards in Sport and Exercise Science Research. Int J Sports Med 2011; 32: 819-821
15 Heinicke I, Boehler A, Rechsteiner T, Jelkmann W, Hofer M, Rawlings P, Araneda OF, Behn C, Gassmann M, Heinicke K. Moderate altitude but not additional endurance training increases markers of oxidative stress in exhaled breath condensate. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 106: 599-604
16 Holmes MD, Chen WY, Feskanich D, Kroenke CH, Colditz GA. Physical activity and survival after breast cancer diagnosis. JAMA 2005; 293: 2479-2486
17 Iliopoulos D, Jaeger SA, Hirsch HA, Bulyk ML, Struhl K. STAT3 activation of miR-21 and miR-181b-1 via PTEN and CYLD are part of the epigenetic switch linking inflammation to cancer. Mol Cell 2010; 39: 493-506
18 Luo JL, Tan W, Ricono JM, Korchynskyi O, Zhang M, Gonias SL, Cheresh DA, Karin M. Nuclear cytokine-activated IKKalpha controls prostate cancer metastasis by repressing Maspin. Nature 2007; 446: 690-694
19 Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Balliet RM, Rivadeneira DB, Chiavarina B, Pavlides S, Wang C, Whitaker-Menezes D, Daumer KM, Lin Z, Witkiewicz AK, Flomenberg N, Howell A, Pestell RG, Knudsen ES, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. Oxidative stress in cancer associated fibroblasts drives tumor-stroma co-evolution: A new paradigm for understanding tumor metabolism, the field effect and genomic instability in cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2010; 9: 3256-3276
20 Mattusch F, Dufaux B, Heine O, Mertens I, Rost R. Reduction of the plasma concentration of C-reactive protein following nine months of endurance training. Int J Sports Med 2000; 21: 21-24
21 McArdle A, Jackson MJ. Exercise, oxidative stress and ageing. J Anat 2000; 197: 539-541
22 Nakatani K, Komatsu M, Kato T, Yamanaka T, Takekura H, Wagatsuma A, Aoyama K, Xu B, Hirano T, Kasai H, Ando S, Takeuchi T. Habitual exercise induced resistance to oxidative stress. Free Radic Res 2005; 39: 905-911
23 Nieman DC. Exercise, infection, and immunity. Int J Sports Med 1994; 3: 131-141
24 Palmieri B, Sblendorio V. Oxidative stress tests: overview on reliability and use Part II. Eur Rev for Med and Pharmacol Sci 2007; 11: 383-399
25 Pani G, Giannoni E, Galeotti T, Chiarugi P. Redox-based escape mechanism from death: the cancer lesson. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11: 2791-2806
26 Radak Z, Chung HY, Goto S. Systemic adaptation to oxidative challenge induced by regular exercise. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44: 153-159
27 Reddy KV, Anuradha D, Kumar TC, Reddanna P. Induction of Ya1 subunit of rat hepatic glutathione S-transferases by exercise-induced oxidative stress. Arch Biochem Biophys 1995; 323: 6-10
28 Reid MB, Khawli FA, Moody MR. Reactive oxygen in skeletal muscle. III. Contractility of unfatigued muscle. J Appl Physiol 1993; 75: 1081-1087
29 Reid MB. Free radicals and muscle fatigue: Of ROS, canaries, and the IOC. Free Radical Bio Med. 2008. 44. 169-179
30 Robert-Koch-Institut und die Gesellschaft der epidemiologischen Krebsregister in Deutschland e. V. Krebs in Deutschland 2005/2006. Häufigkeiten und Trends. 7. Ausgabe Berlin: 2010
31 Rogers CJ, Colbert LH, Greiner JW, Perkins SN, Hursting SD. Physical activity and cancer prevention: pathways and targets for intervention. Sports Med 2008; 38: 271-296
32 Sandström ME, Zhang SJ, Bruton J, Silva JP, Reid MB, Westerblad H, Katz A. Role of reactive oxygen species in contraction-mediated glucose transport in mouse skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2006; 575: 251-262
33 Signorelli SS, Neri S, Scacchitano S, Di Pino L, Costa MP, Celotta G, Cassiba N, Pennisi G, Caschetto S. Behaviour of some indicators of oxdative stress in postmenopausal and fertile woman. Maturitas 2006; 53: 77-82
34 Starkie R, Ostrowski SR, Jauffred S, Febbraio M, Pedersen BK. Exercise and IL-6 infusion inhibit endotoxin-induced TNF-alpha production in humans. FASEB J 2003; 17: 884-886
35 Surapaneni KM, Venkata GR. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in patients with carcinoma of prostate. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2006; 50: 350-354
36 Sureda A, Ferrer MD, Tauler P, Tur JA, Pons A. Lymphocyte antioxidant response and H₂O₂ production after a swimming session: Gender differences. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 42: 312-319
37 Tan W, Zhang W, Strasner A, Grivennikov S, Cheng JQ, Hoffman RM, Karin M. Tumour-infiltrating regulatory T cells stimulate mammary cancer metastasis through RANKL-RANK signalling. Nature 2011; 470: 548-553
38 Toyoda T, Tanaka S, Ebihara K, Masuzaki H, Hosoda K. Low-intensity contraction activates the alpha1-isoform of 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase in rat skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol 2006; 290: 583-590
39 Valko M, Izakovic M, Mazur M, Rhodes CJ, Telser J. Role of oxygen radicals in DNA damage and cancer incidence. Mol Cell Biochem 2004; 266: 37-56
40 Vistisen K, Loft S, Poulsen HE. Cytochrome P450 IA2 activity in man measured by caffeine metabolism: effect of smoking, broccoli and exercise. Adv Exp Med Biol 1991; 283: 407-411
41 Wiseman M. The second World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research expert report. Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. Proc Nutr Soc 2008; 67: 253-256
42 Yang RL, Li W, Shi YH, Le GW. Lipoic acid prevents high-fat diet-induced dyslipidemia and oxidative stress: a microarray analysis. Nutrition 2008; 24: 582-588