Download PDF
Hebamme 2011; 24(1): 16-25
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1275540
Schwangerschaft
Übergewicht
© Hippokrates Verlag in MVS Medizinverlage Stuttgart GmbH & Co. KG

Adipositas und Schwangerschaft – aktueller Forschungsstand

Kathrin Rauh1 , Ulrike Amann-Gassner1 , Hans Hauner1
  • 1Freising
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
22 March 2011 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Die Prävalenz von Übergewicht und Adipositas steigt weltweit an und ist zu einem globalen Gesundheitsproblem in allen Bevölkerungsschichten geworden. Zunehmend sind auch Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter betroffen.
Angesichts dieser besorgniserregenden Entwicklung ist es von besonderer Bedeutung, die schwangeren Frauen bei Bedarf mit Informationen und Anleitungen zu einem gesundheitsförderlichen Lebensstil zu versorgen. Dieser Beitrag fasst die aktuellen Studienergebnisse zusammen, als Grundlage für die Beratung von übergewichtigen/adipösen schwangeren Frauen.

Literatur

  • 1 Ageno W, Becattini C, Brighton T, Selby R, Kamphuisen P W. Cardiovascular risk factors and venous thromboembolism: a meta-analysis.  Circulation. 2008;  117 93-102
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Amann-Gassner U, Hauner H. Adipositas vor und während der Schwangerschaft. Möglichkeiten der Ernährungstherapie.  Adipositas. 2007;  1 17-24
    Google Scholar
  • 3 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists . ACOG Committee Opinion. Obesity in pregnancy.  Obstet Gynecol. 2005;  106 671-675
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Arenz S, Rückerl R, Koletzko B, Kries R von. Breastfeeding and childhood obesity – a systematic review.  Int J Obes (London). 2004;  28 1247-1256
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Artal R, O’Toole M. Guidelines of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists for exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period.  Br J Sports Med. 2003;  37 6-12
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Baker J L, Gamborg M, Heitmann B L, Lissner L, Sorensen T IA, Rasmussen K M. Breastfeeding reduces postpartum weight retention.  Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;  88 1543-1551
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Bergmann K, Bergmann R, Ellert U, Dudenhausen J. Perinatal risk factors for long-term health. Results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for children and Adolescents (KiGGS).  Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2007;  50 670-676
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Chu S Y, Kim S Y, Lau J, Schmid C H, Dietz P M, Callaghan W M, Curtis K M. Maternal obesity and risk of stillbirth: a metaanalysis.  Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;  197 223-228
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Cnattingius S, Bergström R, Lipworth L, Kramer M. Prepregnancy weight and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome.  N Engl J Med. 1998;  338 1447-152
    Google Scholar
  • 10 Dodd J M, Crowther C A, Robinson J S. Dietary and lifestyle interventions to limit weight gain during pregnancy for obese or overweight women: a systematic review.  Acta Obstet Gynecol. 2008;  87 702-706
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Dye T, Knox K, Artal R, Aubry R, Wojtowycz M. Physical activity, obesity, and diabetes in pregnancy.  Am J Epidemiol. 1997;  146 961-965
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Ehrmann D A. Polycystic ovary syndrome.  N Engl J Med. 2005;  352 1223-1236
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 13 FDA Obesity Working Group .Calories count-report oft the Working Group on Obesity. Rockville, MD: U.S. Food and Drug Administration; 2004. http://http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/-dms/owg-toc.html
    Google Scholar
  • 14 Guelinckx I, Develieger R, Mullie P, Vansant G. Effect of lifestyle intervention on dietary habits, physical activity, and gestational weight gain in obese pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial.  Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;  91 373-380
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Harder T, Scheellong K, Rodekamp E, Dudenhausen J W, Plagemann A. Perinatale Programmierung – wird Adipositas im Mutterleib geprägt?.  Adipositas. 2007;  1 5-11
    Google Scholar
  • 16 Heslehurst N, Simpson H, Ells L J, Ranking J, Wilkinson J, Lang R, Brown T J, Summerbell C D. The impact of maternal BMI status on pregnancy outcomes with immediate short-term obstetric resource implications: a meta-analysis.  Obes Rev. 2008;  9 635-683
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Institute of Medicine .Weight gain during pregnancy: re-examining the guidelines. Washington DC: National academy Press; 5/2009
    Google Scholar
  • 18 Jovanovic L. Achieving euglycaemia in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.  Drugs. 2004;  64 1401-1417
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Kagan K O, Kuhn U. Sport und Schwangerschaft.  Herz. 2004;  29 426-434
    Google Scholar
  • 20 Kardel K R, Kase T. Training in pregnant women: effects on fetal development and birth.  Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998;  178 280-286
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Kiel D V, Dodson E A, Artal R, Boehmer T K, Leet T L. Gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes in obese women: how much is enough.  Obstet Gynecol. 2007;  110 752-758
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Korsten-Reck U, Marquardt K, Wurster K G. Schwangerschaft und Sport.  Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin. 2009;  60 117-121
    Google Scholar
  • 23 Korsten-Reck U. Bewegung in Schwangerschaft und Stillperiode bei mütterlichem Übergewicht.  Z Geburtsh Neonatol. 2010;  214 95-102
    Article in Thieme ConnectGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Lumey L, Ravelli A, Wiessing G. The Dutch Famine birth Cohort Study: Design, validation of exposure, and selected characteristics of subjects after 43 years follow-up.  Pediatr Perinatal Epidemiol. 1993;  7 354-367
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Max-Rubner-Institut .Nationale Verzehrsstudie II. Ergebnisbericht, Teil 1. 2008 http://www.mri.de
    Google Scholar
  • 26 Metawally M, Ong K J, Ledger W L, Li T C. Does high body mass index increase the risk of miscarriage after spontaneous and assisted conception? A meta-analysis of the evidence.  Fertil Steril. 2008;  90 714-726
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Moreira P, Padex C. Mourao-Carvalhal I, Rosado V. Maternal weight gain during pregnancy and overweight in Portugese children.  In J Obes (London). 2007;  31 608-614
    Google Scholar
  • 28 Olafsdottir A, Skuladottir G, Thordottir I, Hauksson A, Steingrimsdottir L. Maternal diet in early and late pregnancy in relation to weight gain.  Int J Obes (London). 2006;  30 492-499
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Olson C M, Strawderman M S, Reed R G. Efficacy of an intervention to prevent excessive gestational weight gain.  Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;  191 530-536
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Pivarnik J. Potential effects of maternal activity on birth weight: brief review.  Med Sci Sports Exer. 1998;  30 400-406
    Google Scholar
  • 31 Polley B A, Wing R R, Sims C J. Randomized controlled trial to prevent excessive weight gain in pregnant women.  Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002;  26 1494-1502
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Poobalan A S, Aucott L S, Gurung T, Smith W C, Bhattacharya S. Obesity as an independent risk factor for elective and emergency caesarean delivery in nulliparous women – systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.  Obes Rev. 2009;  10 28-35
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Ravelli G, Stein Z, Susser M. Obesity in young men after famine exposure in utero and in early infancy.  New Engl J Med. 1976;  295 349-353
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Rooney B L, Schauberger C W. Excess pregnancy weight gain and long-term obesity: one decade later.  Obstet Gynecol. 2002;  100 245-252
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Rosenberg T, Garbers S, Chavkin W, Chiasson M. Prepregnancy weight and adverse perinatal outcomes in an ethically diverse population.  Obstet Gynecol. 2003;  102 1022-1027
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Schiessl B, Beyerlein A, Lack N, von Kries R. Temporal trends in pregnancy weight gain and birth weight in Bavaria 2000–2007: slightly decreasing birth weight with increasing weight gain in pregnancy.  J Perinat Med. 2009;  37 374-379
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Sebire N J, Jolly M, Harris J P, Wadsworth J, Joffe M, Beard R W, Regan L, Robinson S. Maternal obesity and pregnancy outcome: a study of 287,213 pregnancies in London.  Int J Obes Relat Metab Disard. 2001;  25 1175-1182
    Google Scholar
  • 38 Sewell M, Huston-Presley L, Super D, Catalano P. Increased neonatal fat mass, not lean body mass, is associated with maternal obesity.  Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;  195 1100-1103
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Shirazian T, Monteith S, Friedman F, Rebarber A. Lifestyle modification program decreases pregnancy weight gain in obese women.  Am J Perinatol. 2010;  27 411-414
    Article in Thieme ConnectGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Sichieri R, Field A E, Rich-Edwards J, Willett W C. Prospective assessment of exclusive breastfeeding in relation to weight change in women.  Int J Obes (London). 2003;  27 815-820
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 41 SOGC Clinical Practice Obstetrics Committee, Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology Board of Directors . Exercise in pregnancy and the postpartum period.  J Obstet Gynaecol Can.. 2003;  25 516-529
    Google Scholar
  • 42 Stothard K J, Tennant P W, Bell R, Rankin J. Maternal overweight and obesity and the risk of congenital anomalies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.  JAMA. 2009;  301 636-650
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Streuling I, Beyerlein A, Rosenfeld E, Hofmann H, Schulz T, Kries R von. Physical activity and gestational weight gain: a meta-analysis of intervention trials. BJOG; 2010 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02801.x
    Google Scholar
  • 44 Streuling I, Beyerlein A, von Kries R. Can gestational weight gain be modified by increasing physical activity and diet counseling. A meta-analysis of interventional trials?.  Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;  92 678-687
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 45 Taylor P D, Poston L. Developmental programming of obesity in mammals.  Exp Physiol. 2007;  92 287-298
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 46 The American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists . Exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period.  Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2003;  46 496-499
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 47 Torloni M R, Betran A P, Horta B L, Nakamura M U, Atallah A N, Moron A F, Valente O. Prepregnancy BMI and the risk of gestational diabetes: a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis.  Obes Rev. 2009;  10 194-203
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 48 Voigt M, Straube S, Zygmnunt M, Krafczyk B, Schneider K TM, Briese V. Obesity and pregnancy – a risk profile.  Z Geburtsh Neonatol. 2008;  212 201-205
    Article in Thieme ConnectGoogle Scholar
  • 49 Kries R von, Ensenauer R, Beyerlein A, Amann-Gassner U, Hauner H, Rosario A S. Gestational weight gain and overweight in children: Results from the cross-sectional KiGGS study.  Int J Pediatr. 2010; 
    Google Scholar
  • 50 Weissgerber T L, Wolfe L A, Davies G A. The role of regular physical activity in preeclampsia prevention.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;  36 2024-2031
    Google Scholar
  • 51 Wolfe L A, Davies G A. Canadian guidelines for exercise in pregnancy.  Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2003;  46 488-495
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 52 Wolff S, Legarth J, Vangsgaard K, Toubro S, Astrup A. A randomized trial of the effects of dietary counselling on gestational weight gain and glucose metabolism in obese pregnant women.  Int J Obes (London). 2008;  32 495-501
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Anschrift der Autorin:

Kathrin Rauh

Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin

Technische Universität München

Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2

85350 Freising-Weihenstephan

Email: ekfz@wzw.tum.de

      >