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DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1250674
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Chemical Characterization of a Commercial Commiphora wightii Resin Sample and Chemical Profiling to Assess for Authenticity
Publication History
received October 7, 2010
revised Nov. 24, 2010
accepted Dec. 7, 2010
Publication Date:
14 January 2011 (online)
Abstract
The gum resin of Commiphora wightii [(Hook. ex Stocks) Engl.] is an ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of arthritis, inflammation, obesity, lipid disorders, and cardiovascular diseases and is known as guggul. Morphologically, it is not easy to distinguish guggul from closely related gum resins of other plants. Reliability of the commercially available guggul is critical due to the high risk of adulteration. To check authenticity, a commercial guggul sample was investigated for its chemical markers and 17 metabolites were identified, including three new, 20(S),21-epoxy-3-oxocholest-4-ene (1), 8β-hydroxy-3,20-dioxopregn-4,6-diene (2), and 5-(13′Z-nonadecenyl)resorcinol (17) from the ethyl acetate soluble part. During the current study, compounds 14–17 were identified as constituents of Mangifera indica gum, as an adulterant in the commercial guggul sample. This discovery highlighted the common malpractices in the trade of medicinal raw material in the developing world. The structures of the compounds were deduced by the spectroscopic technique and chemical methods, as well as by comparison with the reported data. The structure of 20(S),21-epoxy-3-oxocholest-4-ene (1) was also unambiguously deduced by single-crystal X‐ray diffraction technique.
Key words
Commiphora wightii - guggul - Burseraceae - Mangifera indica - single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction
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Prof. Ikhlas A. Khan
National Center for Natural Products Research
School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi
University, MS 38677
USA
Phone: +1 66 29 15 78 21
Fax: +1 66 29 15 79 89
Email: ikhan@olemiss.edu