Neuropsychologische Therapie bei Demenzpatienten: Was ist sinnvoll?

Zusammenfassung

Die zunehmende Überalterung der Bevölkerung führt zu exponentiell ansteigenden Inzidenzraten demenzieller Syndrome. Neben der Pharmakotherapie finden zunehmend nichtmedikamentöse Interventionen Beachtung. Zwar wird die Datenlage hierzu für eine Gesamtbeurteilung als unzureichend angesehen, es gibt jedoch viele Hinweise, dass neuropsychologische Therapien zu Verbesserungen kognitiver und nichtkognitiver Symptome bei Patienten mit Demenz und leichter kognitiver Störung führen und möglicherweise einen demenziellen Prozess verlangsamen können. In den Verordnungsrichtlinien der Krankenkassen tauchen sie bislang nicht auf. In den aktuellen S 3-Leitlinien für Demenz werden sie aber empfohlen. Forschungsanstrengungen zur weiteren Evaluation verschiedener Trainingsprogramme sind zu erwarten; eine Implementierung in den klinischen Alltag ist wünschenswert.

Abstract

The aging of the population leads to increasing incidence rates of dementia. Besides pharmacotherapy, non-pharmacological interventions are becoming more and more recognised. Although the data can be regarded as insufficient, many studies indicate that neuropsychological therapy can lead to an improvement of cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms in patients with dementia and mild cognitive impairment, or even decelerate the course of decline. Regulating guidelines of the local health insurance companies do not yet include this type of intervention. However, they are recommended in the recently published German guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dementia. Scientific efforts for the evaluation of specific training programmes can be expected; implementation of the results into clinical practice is desirable.

Schlüsselwörter

Demenz - leichte kognitive Störung - neuropsychologische Therapie - kognitive Therapie - neuronale Plastizität - Wirknachweis

Keywords

dementia - mild cognitive impairment - neuropsychological therapy - cognitive therapy - neuronal plasticity - evidence of efficacy

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