Echtzeit-fMRT

Zusammenfassung

Technische Neuerungen auf dem Gebiet der funktionellen Magnetresonanztomografie (fMRT) erlauben es, die Messergebnisse in Echtzeit verfügbar zu machen. Dies ermöglicht völlig neue Einsatzmöglichkeiten der fMRT. Im vorliegenden Übersichtsartikel werden die technischen Voraussetzungen der Echtzeit-fMRT, sowie die wissenschaftlichen und klinischen Innovationsmöglichkeiten erläutert. Insbesondere wird die Anwendung der willentlichen Kontrolle über Hirnaktivität in abgegrenzten Hirnarealen mittels fMRT-Neurofeedbacks diskutiert. Des Weiteren, werden die Anwendung der Echtzeit-fMRT als Gehirn-Computer-Schnittstelle etwa zur Kommunikation mit Patienten im Wachkoma, sowie die intraoperative Echtzeit-fMRT erläutert.

Abstract

As a result of recent technological advances in the field of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the results can now be made available in real-time. This makes completely new applications possible. In this review, we discuss the technical requirements and new applications of real-time fMRI. In particular, we elaborate on the possibility to learn to voluntarily control brain activity in circumscribed brain areas with the help of fMRI-based neurofeedback. In addition, we consider real-time fMRI for brain-computer interfaces to communicate with vegetative state patients, as well as intraoperative real-time fMRI.

Schlüsselwörter

funktionelle Magnetresonanztomografie (fMRT) - Selbstregulation von Hirnaktivität - Neurofeedback - Gehirn-Computer-Schnittstelle

Key words

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) - self-regulation of brain activity - neurofeedback - brain-computer interface

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