Machilin A Isolated from Myristica fragrans Stimulates Osteoblast Differentiation

Abstract

This study evaluated the stimulatory effects of machilin A and structurally related lignans isolated from Myristica fragrans on osteoblast differentiation. In two in vitro osteoblast differentiation models, machilin A stimulated osteoblast differentiation via activation of p38 MAP kinase. Lignans isolated from Myristica fragrans also stimulated osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells; the lignans included macelignan, machilin F, nectandrin B, safrole, licarin A, licarin B, myristargenol, and meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid. These data suggest that lignans isolated from Myristica fragrans have anabolic activity in bone metabolism.

Abbreviations

ALP:alkaline phosphatase

COLI:type I collagen

MAP:mitogen-activated protein

OCN:osteocalcin

OPN:osteopontin

Key words

machilin A - Myristica fragrans - Myristicaceae - lignan - osteoblast differentiation

References

• 1 Harada S, Rodan G A. Control of osteoblast function and regulation of bone mass.  Nature. 2003;  423 349-55
• 2 Lee M K, Yang H, Ma C J, Kim Y C. Stimulatory activity of lignans from Machilus thunbergii on osteoblast differentiation.  Biol Pharm Bull. 2007;  30 814-7
• 3 Kim J M, Lee S U, Kim Y S, Min Y K, Kim S H. Baicalein stimulates osteoblast differentiation via coordinating activation of MAP kinases and transcription factors.  J Cell Biochem. 2008;  104 1906-17
• 4 Lee S U, Shin H K, Min Y K, Kim S H. Emodin accelerates osteoblast differentiation through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation and bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene expression.  Int Immunopharmacol. 2008;  8 741-7
• 5 Suzuki A, Guicheux J, Palmer G, Miura Y, Oiso Y, Bonjour J P. et al . Evidence for a role of p38 MAP kinase in expression of alkaline phosphatase during osteoblastic cell differentiation.  Bone. 2002;  30 91-8
• 6 Guicheux J, Lemonnier J, Ghayor C, Suzuki A, Palmer G, Caverzasio J. Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase by BMP-2 and their implication in the stimulation of osteoblastic cell differentiation.  J Bone Miner Res. 2003;  18 2060-8
• 7 Yeo H, Beck L H, McDonald J M, Zayzafoon M. Cyclosporin A elicits dose-dependent biphasic effects on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.  Bone. 2007;  40 1502-16
• 8 Yin J, Tezuka Y, Subehan , Shi L, Nobukawa M, Nobukawa T. et al . In vivo anti-osteoporotic activity of isotaxiresinol, a lignan from wood of Taxus yunnanensis. .  Phytomedicine. 2006;  13 37-42
• 9 Kim K J, Han Y N. Lignans from Myristica fragrans. .  Yakhak Hoeji. 2002;  46 98-101
• 10 Shimomura H, Sashida Y, Oohara M. Lignans from Machilus thunbergii.  Phytochemistry. 1987;  26 1513-5
• 11 Kim Y B, Park I Y, Shin K H. The crystal structure of licarin B (C₂₀H₂₀O₄) a component of the seed of Myristica fragrans. .  Arch Pharm Res. 1991;  14 1-6
• 12 Woo W S, Shin K H, Wagner H, Lotter H. The structure of macelignan from Myristica fragrans. .  Phytochemistry. 1987;  26 1542-3
• 13 Nakatani N, Ikeda K, Kikuzaki H, Kido M, Yamaguchi Y. Diaryldimethylbutane lignans from Myristica argentea and their antimicrobial action against Streptococcus mutans. .  Phytochemistry. 1988;  27 3127-9
• 14 Ikeya Y, Taguchi H, Yosioka I, Kobayashi H. The constituents of Schizandra chinensis baill. IV. The structures of two new lignans, pre-gomisin and gomisin J.  Chem Pharm Bull. 1979;  27 1583-8
• 15 Hada S, Hattori M, Tezuka Y, Kikuch T, Namba T. New neolignans and lignans from the aril of Myristica fragrans. .  Phytochemistry. 1988;  27 563-8
• 16 Shimomura H, Sashida Y, Oohara M. Lignans from Machilus thunbergii. .  Phytochemistry. 1987;  26 1513-5
• 17 Hattori M, Had S, Kawata Y, Tezuka Y, Kikuchi T, Namba T. New 2,5-Bis-aryl-3,4-dimethyltetrahydrofuran lignans from the aril of Myristica fragrans. .  Chem Pharm Bull. 1987;  35 3315-22
• 18 Stanford C M, Jacobson P A, Eanes E D, Lembke L A, Midura R J. Rapidly forming apatitic mineral in an osteoblastic cell line (UMR 106 – 01 BSP).  J Biol Chem. 1995;  270 9420-8
• 19 Maeda T, Matsunuma A, Kawane T, Horiuchi N. Simvastatin promotes osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells.  Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001;  280 874-7
• 20 Rozen S, Skaletsky H J. Primer3 on the WWW for general users and for biologist programmers. In: Krawetz S, Misener S, editor Bioinformatics methods and protocols: methods in molecular biology. Berlin; Humana Press 2000: 365-86
• 21 Livak K J, Schmittgen T D. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2^{− ΔΔCT} method.  Methods. 2001;  25 402-8