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DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1109931
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Nutzen und Risiko eines Gastrostomas bei Säuglingen und Kleinkindern mit chronischer Peritonealdialyse
Benefits and Risks of Tube Feeding via Gastrostoma in Infants and Children with Peritoneal DialysisPublication History
Manuskript eingetroffen: 5.5.2009
Manuskript akzeptiert: 10.11.2009
Publication Date:
01 June 2010 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Die Ernährung bei Kindern mit terminaler Niereninsuffizienz und Peritonealdialyse (PD) gestaltet sich häufig schwierig. Eine Ernährung über ein Gastrostoma wird aber z. T. wegen der Peritonitisgefahr bei PD als kontraindiziert angesehen. Methodik: In den letzten 12 Jahren wurden in unserem Zentrum 16 niereninsuffiziente Säuglinge und Kinder mit einem Gastrostoma versorgt. Die Patienten waren dystroph (Mittelwert BMI –1,73 SDS) und zu klein (Mittelwert Körperlänge –4,56 SDS). Sieben Patienten (Altersmedian 11 Monate) mit präterminaler Niereninsuffizienz erhielten ein Gastrostoma, bevor die Anlage eines Tenckhoff-Katheters zur PD notwendig wurde. Bei 9 Patienten (Altersmedian 5 Monate) wurde primär mit einer PD begonnen und im Verlauf ein Gastrostoma angelegt. Ergebnisse: Bei den Patienten mit Dialysebeginn bei liegender Ernährungssonde traten im Beobachtungszeitraum von 91 Monaten 15 Peritonitiden auf (1,98 pro Patientenjahr). Bei den Patienten mit primärem Dialysebeginn traten vor Anlage des Gastrostomas in 43 Patientenmonaten 12 Peritonitiden auf (3,34 pro Patientenjahr), nach Anlage unter laufender PD reduzierte sich die Anzahl auf 25 Peritonitiden in 271 Patientenmonaten (1,11 pro Patientenjahr, p < 0,01). Die Patienten profitierten innerhalb eines Jahres von der Ernährung über das Gastrostoma sowohl hinsichtlich der Gewichtszunahme (BMI + 1,61 SDS, p < 0,01) als auch des Längenwachstums (Körperlänge + 2,29 SDS, p < 0,05). Schlussfolgerung: Ein Gastrostoma stellt auch unter laufender PD eine gute und sichere Möglichkeit zur Ernährung dar. Es konnte eine Abnahme der Häufigkeit von PD-assoziierten Peritonitiden beobachtet werden bei gleichzeitig positiv beeinflusster körperlicher Entwicklung.
Abstract
Background: Nutrition of children with end-stage renal disease and peritoneal dialysis (PD) is often difficult. Tube feeding via a gastrostoma is discussed controversially, and some authors consider this as a contraindication because of the risk of peritonitis. Methods: In our centre 16 infants and children with end-stage renal disease were treated with PD and tube feeding over a gastrostoma in the last 12 years. The patients showed dystrophy (mean BMI –1.73 SDS) and were too small (mean body length –4.56 SDS). Seven of them (median age 11 months) received a gastrostoma before insertion of a Tenkhoff-catheter and start of PD. Nine children (median age 5 months) had PD primarily before insertion of the gastrostoma and start of tube feeding. Results: Patients with start of PD while a gastrostoma was already inserted had 15 events with peritonitis in the observation time of 91 months (1.98 per patient year). Patients with primary start of PD had 12 events with peritonitis in a total time of 43 month (3.34 per patient year), after insertion while PD was already running the number of events fell significantly to 25 peritonitis events in a total of 271 months (1.11 per patient year, p < 0,01). The children had a benefit from tube feeding via a gastrostoma in regard of body weight (BMI + 1.61 SDS, p < 0.01) as well as growth (body height + 2.29 SDS, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Tube feeding via a gastrostoma is a good and safe option for alimentation, even under peritoneal dialysis. A decrease of PD-associated peritonitis under tube feeding was observed while physical development was positively influenced.
Schlüsselwörter
Ernährung - Gastrostoma - Kinder - Peritonealdialyse
Key words
nutrition - gastrostoma - children - peritoneal dialysis
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PD Dr. Henrik Köhler
Klinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
Loschgestr. 15
91054 Erlangen
Phone: ++ 49/91 31/8 53 31 18
Fax: ++ 49/91 31/8 53 37 35
Email: henrik.koehler@uk-erlangen.de