Die diabetische Retinopathie und Makulopathie – Häufigste mikrovaskuläre Spätkomplikation des Diabetes mellitus

Weltweit ist bis zum Jahr 2030 mit einer Verdopplung der Prävalenz des Diabetes zu rechnen, dabei sollen junge Erwachsene am stärksten betroffen sein. Die hohe Prävalenz und Inzidenz von Netzhautkomplikationen verlangt verstärkte Bemühungen um die Optimierung der Versorgung. Die diabetische Retinopathie und die Makulopathie sind die häufigsten mikrovaskulären Spätkomplikationen bei Diabetes mellitus. Eine frühe Diagnostik und eine stadiengerechte Therapie kann Erblindungen vermeiden.

Man unterscheidet eine nicht proliferative und eine proliferative diabetische Retinopathie mit und ohne diabetisches Makulaödem. Durch den Hausarzt veranlasste Kontrolluntersuchungen bei einem Facharzt für Augenheilkunde sind erforderlich, um die oft symptomlos verlaufenden, aber schon therapiebedürftigen Stadien zu erkennen.

Vor allem bei der proliferativen diabetischen Retinopathie und dem diabetischen Makulaödem kann durch die Lasertherapie eine Sehverschlechterung aufgehalten werden. Mit der Vitrektomie steht außerdem ein operatives Verfahren zur Verfügung, welches auch bei weit fortgeschrittenen Stadien noch eine funktionelle Besserung bringen kann.

It is estimated, that worldwide the prevalence of diabetes mellitus will double by the year 2030. Mainly affected will be young adults. The high prevalence and incidence of complications of the retina requires stronger efforts in respect of a better care. Diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy are the most common microvascular late complications of diabetes mellitus. Early diagnosis and therapy according to the stage of the disease can prevent blindness.

Diabetic retinopathy is differentiated as proliferative or nonproliferative with or without diabetic macula edema. Check–ups by an ophthalmologist are required to detect early stages which are often not causing any symptoms.

Laser therapy can arrest a deterioration of sight especially in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macula edema. Vitrectomy is a surgical procedure which can result in a functional amelioration even in late stages of the disease.

Key words

diabetic retinopathy - diabetic macula edema - laser surgery - vitrectomy

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