Abstract
Swertiamarin, a secoiridoid isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Enicostemma axillare, was evaluated for antiedematogenic activity using carrageenan-, formalin-, and histamine-induced
paw edema methods in rats. In the carrageenan-induced method, the percentages of edema
inhibition obtained after 5 h induction were 38.60, 52.50, and 45.44, respectively,
for 100 and 200 mg/kg bw swertiamarin and 100 mg/kg bw of standard diclofenac sodium
given orally. The activity of swertiamarin at 200 mg/kg bw was found to be superior
to that of standard diclofenac sodium in all these methods. Swertiamarin was also
screened for in vitro antioxidant activity using seven different methods: good activity was observed in
ABTS and hydrogen peroxide methods, and moderate activity was observed in hydroxyl
radical by deoxyribose and lipid peroxidation methods, with IC50 values of 2.83, 5.70, 52.56, and 78.33 μg/mL, respectively. The total antioxidant
capacity was found to be 4.51 mM of ascorbic acid per gram of swertiamarin. Swertiamarin
possesses antiedematogenic and in vitro antioxidant activities, and it may be the active constituent responsible for the
anti-inflammatory activity of E. axillare.
Abbreviations
ABTS:2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt
BHA:butylated hydroxy anisole
bw:body weight
CMC:carboxymethylcellulose
CPCSEA:Committee for the Purpose of Controland Supervision of Experiments on Animals
DMSO:dimethyl sulfoxide
EDTA:ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid disodium salt
HPTLC:high-performance thin-layer chromatography
H2O2:hydrogen peroxide
IC50:inhibition cocnentration 50 %
NEDD:nephthyl ethylene diamine dihydrochloride
OECD:Organisation for Economic Cooperationand Development
PBS:phosphate-buffered saline
p-NDA:p-nitroso dimethyl aniline
SOD:super oxide dismutase
Key words
Enicostemma axillare
- Gentianaceae - secoiridoid - swertiamarin - anti-inflammatory - free radical scavenging
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Dr. Shrishailappa Badami
Professor and Director
Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy
Tumkur 572 102
Karnataka
India
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