Folgeerkrankungen des Diabetes mellitus – Koronare Herzerkrankung, Nephropathie und Retinopathie

Arteriosklerotische Gefäßveränderungen treten bereits im Stadium der gestörten Glukosetoleranz gehäuft auf und zeigen bei Diabetikern eine rasche Progredienz. Die hierbei signifikant erhöhte kardiovaskuläre Mortalität steigt mit zusätzlich vorliegender Nephropathie und Hypertonie. Ursächlich hierfür sind unter anderem akzelerierte Inflammation, endotheliale Dysfunktion und Hyperkoagulabilität. Prävention wie kausale Therapieansätze liegen, je nach Folgeerkrankung, insbesondere in einer normnahen Blutzucker– und Blutdruckeinstellung, einer Hemmung der Thrombozytenaggregation wie in einer konsequenten Lipidtherapie.

Arteriosclerotic vascular changes often occur already during the stage of disturbed glucose tolerance and progress rapidly in diabetics. Cardiovascular mortality, which is significantly increased in such cases, increases further if nephropathy and hypertonicity occur additionally. This increased mortality is inter alia due to accelerated inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and hypercoagulability. Prevention as well as on–target therapeutic approaches are – depending on the subsequent disease – especially near–normal blood sugar and blood pressure adjustment, inhibition of thrombocyte aggregation and a rigorously maintained lipid therapy.

Key words

Diabetes mellitus - coronary heart disease - nephropathy - retinopathy

Literatur

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