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DOI: 10.1055/a-2768-8562
Zukünftige nicht-operative Therapieansätze der Arthrose: Aktueller Stand und Ausblick
Future Non-Surgical Therapies for Osteoarthritis: Current Status and PerspectivesAuthors
Zusammenfassung
Arthrose ist die weltweit häufigste Gelenkerkrankung und stellt einen wesentlichen Faktor für Schmerzen, funktionelle Einschränkungen und die Inanspruchnahme gesundheitlicher Leistungen dar. Die Erkrankung ist durch den fortschreitenden Abbau von Gelenkknorpel und strukturelle Veränderungen des subchondralen Knochens, der Synovialmembran und periartikulärer Gewebe gekennzeichnet. Ihre Ätiologie ist multifaktoriell und umfasst mechanische, metabolische, inflammatorische sowie genetische Faktoren. Das therapeutische Vorgehen verfolgt primär das Ziel, Schmerzen zu lindern und die Gelenkfunktion zu verbessern. Nicht-pharmakologische Maßnahmen sind Bewegungstherapie, Gewichtsreduktion und Patientenschulung, die individuell an die Bedürfnisse der Betroffenen angepasst werden sollten. Pharmakologisch stellen topische nichtsteroidale Antirheumatika (NSAR) die Therapie erster Wahl dar. Substanzen zur zentralen Schmerzmodulation oder systemische Therapien spielen nur in ausgewählten Fällen eine Rolle. Intraartikuläre Anwendungen können kurz- bis mittelfristig wirksam sein, ihre Langzeiteffekte sind jedoch begrenzt. Der aktuelle Forschungsfokus liegt auf krankheitsmodifizierenden und regenerativen Therapieansätzen, die auf eine Beeinflussung der strukturellen Progression und der zugrunde liegenden molekularen Mechanismen abzielen. Disease-Modifying Osteoarthritis Drugs (DMOADs) wie Sprifermin, Lorecivivint oder ADAMTS-5-Inhibitoren werden hinsichtlich ihrer Fähigkeit untersucht, Knorpelregeneration zu fördern, subchondrale Umbauprozesse zu modulieren und Entzündungsreaktionen zu hemmen. Trotz vielversprechender präklinischer Ergebnisse konnte bislang jedoch kein Wirkstoff in klinischen Studien einen konsistenten strukturellen oder symptomatischen Nutzen nachweisen. Biologische Verfahren wie Stammzelltherapien mit mesenchymalen Stammzellen (MSCs) führen in Studien zu funktionellen Verbesserungen, während der strukturelle Nutzen noch unklar ist. Innovative Materialien wie injizierbare Hydrogele und Methoden des Knorpelgewebe-Engineerings schaffen neue Perspektiven für die Regeneration, stoßen jedoch auf Herausforderungen hinsichtlich Langzeitstabilität, biologischer Integration und kontrollierter Wirkstofffreisetzung. Gentherapeutische Ansätze, die eine lokale Expression antiinflammatorischer oder regenerativer Faktoren ermöglichen, gelten als vielversprechend, erfordern aber weitere Sicherheitsprüfungen. Insgesamt bleibt die Arthrose ein komplexes, multifaktorielles Krankheitsbild, das einen multimodalen und endotypbasierten Therapieansatz erfordert. Während konservative Maßnahmen weiterhin den Grundpfeiler der Behandlung darstellen, eröffnen neuartige molekulare, zellbasierte und biomaterialgestützte Therapien neue Perspektiven für eine kausale, regenerative Gelenkbehandlung. Zukünftige Fortschritte hängen maßgeblich von interdisziplinären, translationalen Forschungsstrategien ab, die biotechnologische Innovationen mit klinischer Evidenz verknüpfen. Langfristig könnte dies den Übergang von einer rein symptomorientierten zu einer strukturerhaltenden und krankheitsmodifizierenden Arthrosetherapie ermöglichen.
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent joint disease worldwide and represents a major contributor to pain, functional limitation, and healthcare utilisation. This condition is characterised by progressive degradation of articular cartilage and structural changes in the subchondral bone, synovial membrane, and periarticular tissues. Its aetiology is multifactorial, including mechanical overload, metabolic dysregulation, inflammatory processes, and genetic predisposition. Therapeutic strategies primarily aim to relieve pain and improve joint function. Non-pharmacological interventions such as exercise therapy, weight reduction, and patient education remain fundamental and should be tailored to individual patient needs. Pharmacologically, topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) represent the first-line treatment. Agents for central pain modulation or systemic therapies are reserved for selected cases. Intra-articular applications can provide short- to mid-term relief, although their long-term efficacy remains limited. Current research focuses on disease-modifying and regenerative therapeutic strategies aimed at influencing both the structural progression of osteoarthritis and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Disease-Modifying Osteoarthritis Drugs (DMOADs) such as Sprifermin, Lorecivivint, and ADAMTS-5 inhibitors are being investigated for their potential to promote cartilage regeneration, modulate subchondral bone remodelling, and suppress inflammatory responses. Despite promising preclinical results, no pharmacological agent has yet demonstrated consistent structural or symptomatic benefits in clinical trials. Biological approaches, such as mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) injections, have shown functional improvements in clinical studies, while the structural benefits remain uncertain. Innovative materials, such as injectable hydrogels and cartilage tissue engineering techniques, offer new regenerative perspectives but face challenges regarding long-term stability, biological integration, and controlled release of bioactive compounds. Gene therapy approaches, enabling local expression of anti-inflammatory or regenerative factors, are promising but require further evaluation concerning safety and long-term outcomes. Overall, osteoarthritis remains a complex and multifactorial condition that requires a multimodal and endotype-based therapeutic strategy. While conservative measures continue to form the cornerstone of treatment, emerging molecular, cell-based, and biomaterial-supported approaches hold potential to achieve true causal and regenerative joint therapy. Future progress will rely on interdisciplinary, translational research strategies that integrate biotechnological innovation with clinical evidence. Ultimately, this could enable a shift from purely symptomatic relief toward structural preservation and disease-modifying osteoarthritis treatment.
Publication History
Received: 21 October 2025
Accepted: 02 December 2025
Article published online:
06 February 2026
© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
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