Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/a-2724-3658
Chirurgische Therapie bei erblichen Tumorsyndromen des Kolorektums
Surgical Management of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer SyndromesAuthors
Zusammenfassung
Das kolorektale Karzinom (KRK) zählt weltweit zu den häufigsten malignen Erkrankungen. Etwa 10% aller KRK sind monogen vererbt und werden unter dem Begriff der hereditären kolorektalen Karzinome (hKRK) zusammengefasst. Die steigende Anwendung molekularpathologischer Verfahren wie der Mikrosatellitenanalyse wird zukünftig zu einer deutlichen Zunahme der Diagnoserate führen. Die wichtigsten hKRK lassen sich in Polyposis-Syndrome (z. B. FAP, MAP) und Nicht-Polyposis-Syndrome (v. a. Lynch-Syndrom) unterteilen. Die chirurgische Therapie ist dabei syndromspezifisch und erfordert eine individualisierte Abwägung zwischen onkologischer Sicherheit und funktionellem Langzeitergebnis. Bei der FAP steht die rechtzeitige prophylaktische Kolektomie im Vordergrund, bei MAP richtet sich das operative Vorgehen nach Polypenlast und Primarius. Für seltene Polyposis-Syndrome wie NTHL1-, POLE- oder POLD1-assoziierte Syndrome existieren bislang keine gesicherten Empfehlungen. Das Lynch-Syndrom hingegen ist durch ein signifikant erhöhtes Risiko für metachrone Tumoren gekennzeichnet. Hier müssen chirurgische Strategien zunehmend unter Berücksichtigung immunonkologischer Therapieoptionen (z. B. Checkpoint-Inhibition bei MSI-Tumoren) neu bewertet werden. Die chirurgische Versorgung von Patient*innen mit hKRK sollte an spezialisierten Zentren erfolgen und eine genetische Beratung sowie eine interdisziplinäre Falldiskussion einschließen.
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most common malignancies worldwide. Approximately 10% of all CRCs are caused by monogenic hereditary tumour syndromes, collectively referred to as hereditary colorectal cancers (hCRC). The increasing use of molecular diagnostics – such as microsatellite instability (MSI) testing – is expected to significantly raise the detection rate in the coming years. hCRC can be broadly divided into polyposis syndromes (e.g. FAP, MAP) and non-polyposis syndromes (primarily Lynch syndrome). Surgical management must be tailored to the specific syndrome, and must balance oncological safety with long-term functional outcomes. In FAP, timely prophylactic colectomy is essential, whereas in MAP, the surgical strategy depends on polyp burden and tumour location. For rare polyposis syndromes such as NTHL1-, POLE-, or POLD1-associated syndromes, evidence-based recommendations are lacking, and treatment should follow FAP/aFAP protocols. Lynch syndrome is associated with a significantly increased risk of metachronous tumours. In this case, surgical strategies must be re-evaluated that consider emerging immuno-oncologic therapies, such as checkpoint inhibition in MSI-positive tumours. Surgical care for patients with hCRC should be provided at specialised centres, including genetic counselling, and be guided by interdisciplinary tumour board discussions.
Schlüsselwörter
hereditäre kolorektale Karzinome - Polyposis-Syndrome - familiäre adenomatöse Polyposis (FAP) - MUTYH-assoziierte Polyposis (MAP) - Lynch-Syndrom - chirurgische TherapieKeywords
hereditary colorectal cancer - polyposis syndromes - familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) - MUTYH-associated polyposis - Lynch syndrome - surgical managementPublication History
Received: 07 August 2025
Accepted after revision: 14 October 2025
Article published online:
10 November 2025
© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
-
Literatur
- 1 Robert Koch-Institut. Krebs in Deutschland für 2019/2020. 14. Aufl. 2023 Accessed October 30, 2025 at: https://www.krebsdaten.de/Krebs/DE/Content/Publikationen/Krebs_in_Deutschland/krebs_in_deutschland_2023.pdf?__blob=publicationFile
- 2 Tanaka LF, Figueroa SH, Popova V. et al. The Rising Incidence of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2023; 120: 59-64
- 3 Vangala DB, Seufferlein T, Hüneburg R. Lynch Syndrome in context of the updated German S3 guideline Colorectal Cancer – Implementation of universal MMR/MSI-testing. Oncol Res Treat 2025;
- 4 Zaffaroni G, Mannucci A, Koskenvuo L. et al. Updated European guidelines for clinical management of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP), gastric adenocarcinoma, proximal polyposis of the stomach (GAPPS) and other rare adenomatous polyposis syndromes: a joint EHTG-ESCP revision. Br J Surg 2024; 111: znae070
- 5 Monahan KJ, Bradshaw N, Dolwani S. et al. Guidelines for the management of hereditary colorectal cancer from the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG)/Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland (ACPGBI)/United Kingdom Cancer Genetics Group (UKCGG). Gut 2020; 69: 411-444
- 6 Gilad O, Tulchinsky H, Kariv R. Surveillance and Management of Pouch Neoplasia in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis: A Systematic Review. Dis Colon Rectum 2024; 67 (Suppl. 1) S82-S90
- 7 Arensmeyer JC, Feodorovici P, Hueneburg R. et al. [Robotic Assisted Proctocolectomy with Ileal Pouch-anal Anastomosis in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis – a Video Vignette]. Zentralbl Chir 2023; 148: 471-473
- 8 Aelvoet AS, Struik D, Bastiaansen BAJ. et al. Colectomy and desmoid tumours in familial adenomatous polyposis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fam Cancer 2022; 21: 429-439
- 9 Møller P, Seppala T, Dowty JG. et al. Colorectal cancer incidences in Lynch syndrome: a comparison of results from the prospective lynch syndrome database and the international mismatch repair consortium. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2022; 20: 36
- 10 Dohmen J, Sommer N, van Beekum K. et al. [Gender-specific differences in the development of colorectal cancer in Lynch syndrome patients-A systematic review]. Chirurgie (Heidelb) 2024; 95: 696-708
- 11 Dominguez-Valentin M, Haupt S, Seppälä TT. et al. Mortality by age, gene and gender in carriers of pathogenic mismatch repair gene variants receiving surveillance for early cancer diagnosis and treatment: a report from the prospective Lynch syndrome database. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 58: 101909
- 12 Cercek A, Lumish M, Sinopoli J. et al. PD-1 Blockade in Mismatch Repair-Deficient, Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. N Engl J Med 2022; 386: 2363-2376
- 13 Chalabi M, Verschoor YL, Tan PB. et al. Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Locally Advanced Mismatch Repair-Deficient Colon Cancer. N Engl J Med 2024; 390: 1949-1958
- 14 Pasqualotto E, Pompeu BF, Braga MAP. et al. Segmental versus extended colectomy for colorectal cancer in patients with lynch syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg 2025; 49: 24-33
- 15 Urso EDL, Celotto F, Giandomenico F. et al. Analysis of morbidity and mortality, quality of life and bowel function after total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis versus right and left hemicolectomy: A study to optimise the treatment of lynch syndrome and attenuated polyposis coli. Eur J Surg Oncol 2020; 46: 1613-1619
