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DOI: 10.1055/a-2723-2806
Osteoarthrose (OA) – alles nur Verschleiss?
Osteoarthritis (OA) – Just Wear and Tear?Authors
Zusammenfassung
Die Arthrose (englisch: Osteoarthritis/OA) ist durch eine eher langsam verlaufende komplexe degenerative Zerstörung des Gelenkknorpels mit Abbau der Extrazellularmatrix und gestörter Zellregeneration unter enger Einbeziehung der subchondralen Region und Beeinträchtigung der angrenzenden Strukturen wie Muskeln, Kapseln und Bänder charakterisiert. Dabei steht nicht nur der Abbau (katabole Prozesse) von Knorpelgewebe im Vordergrund, sondern auch anabole Prozesse wie die Gewebefibrosierung und die Osteophytenbildung. Diese Vorgänge werden maßgeblich durch den Wnt-Signal-weg reguliert, der eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Zellproliferation, Differenzierung und Gewebehomöostase spielt. Die Arthrose ist keine Abnutzungserkrankung (wear and tear disaese), sondern das Ergebnis komplexer biologischer Prozesse als eine Erkrankung des gesamten Gelenks (wenn nicht sogar des gesamten Körpers). Die verschiedenen Gewebe im Gelenk tragen nicht nur einzeln zu den degenerativen Prozessen bei, sondern interagieren auch auf vielfältige Weise miteinander. Technische Fortschritte bei methodischen Ansätzen, wie z. B. Deep-Learning-basierte Methoden und Omics-Technologien, haben wichtige zusätz-liche Erkenntnisse geliefert und das Wissen über diese vielfältigen Gewebeinteraktionen erweitert. Die Entzündung bei Arthrose (OA) unterscheidet sich von der bei rheumatoider Arthritis und anderen Autoimmunerkrankungen: Sie ist chronisch, vergleichsweise mild und wird hauptsächlich durch das angeborene Immunsystem vermittelt.
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex, slowly progressive degenerative disorder characterised by the breakdown of articular cartilage, involving degradation of the extracellular matrix and impaired cellular regeneration, with close involvement of the subchondral region and impairment of surrounding structures such as muscles, capsules, and ligaments. In this process, cartilage degradation driven by catabolic processes is not the sole hallmark of the disease; anabolic processes, including tissue fibrosis and osteophyte formation, also play a significant role. These processes are largely regulated by the Wnt signalling pathway, which is essential in proliferation, differentiation, and tissue homeostasis. Osteoarthritis is not a wear-and-tear disease, but rather the result of complex biological processes affecting the entire joint – if not the entire body. The different tissues within the joint not only contribute individually to degenerative processes but also interact with one another in various ways. Technological advances in methodological approaches – such as deep learning-based methods and omics technologies – have provided important additional insights and expanded our understanding of these complex tissue interactions. Inflammation in osteoarthritis (OA) differs from that in rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases in that it is chronic, comparatively mild, and primarily mediated by the innate immune system.
Publication History
Received: 12 October 2025
Accepted: 08 December 2025
Article published online:
18 February 2026
© 2026. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
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