Occupational Prenatal Radiation Exposure and Occupational Safety: Position Paper for Pregnant and breastfeeding Personnel in Interventional Procedures with Ionizing Radiation

Abstract

Background

The increasing number of women working in medical surgical professions involving ionizing radiation creates new challenges for the safety of both pregnant and breastfeeding employees and the management of prenatal radiation exposure. The aim of this manuscript is to discuss the biological effects of loosely-ionizing radiation, evaluate the associated risks, and discuss the principles of German radiation protection law in the context of pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Method

To assess the effects of prenatal radiation exposure, we reviewed relevant sources such as reports from the German Commission on Radiological Protection, United Nations Scientific Commission on Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), and publications from the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Additionally, the current German legislation, with focus on radiation protection and maternity protection laws, was outlined in context.

Conclusion

The analysis shows that adhering to regulatory dose limits minimizes the risks of pregnancy complications, congenital malformations, developmental delays, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Special attention is required during the first trimester, in which radiation sensitivity is highest. Adherence to legal framework and associated protective measures in Germany provides under certain conditions a safe working environment for pregnant and breastfeeding women in surgical professions that involve ionizing radiation.

Key points

This work highlights that careful risk assessment and strict adherence to radiation protection and occupational safety regulations enable pregnant and lactating women to work safely in areas associated with ionizing radiation and interventional aspects of their occupation. The need for continuous monitoring and adjustment of protective measures as well as the provision of confidential counseling services, are essential to ensure the safety of pregnant and breastfeeding workers and their children.

Citation Format

• Becker LS, Stein T, Frisch A et al. Occupational Prenatal Radiation Exposure and Occupational Safety: Position Paper for Pregnant and breastfeeding Personnel in Interventional Procedures with Ionizing Radiation. Rofo 2025; DOI 10.1055/a-2536-7206

Keywords

interventional procedures - radiation safety - pregnancy

Publication History

Received: 02 December 2024

Accepted after revision: 31 January 2025

Article published online:
27 March 2025

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