Vaginales Mikrobiom und Darmmikrobiom – ein Crosstalk

561 – so viele verschiedene Bakterien-Arten wurden bislang in der Vagina der gesunden prämenopausalen Frau identifiziert. Neben den dominierenden Lactobacillus-Arten gibt es viele Gattungen und Arten, die in Vagina und Rektum gemeinsam vorkommen können. Diese „Mitbewohner“ tragen zur Gesundheit, aber auch zu Krankheiten bei – die Balance der unterschiedlichen Bakterien-Arten zueinander ist dafür entscheidend.

Publication History

Article published online:
03 January 2024

• Literatur

• 1 Almeida A, Mitchell AL, Boland M. et al. A new genomic blueprint of the human gut microbiota. Nature 2019; 568: 499-468
• 2 Sender R, Fuchs S, Milo R. Revised Estimates for the Number of Human and Bacteria Cells in the Body. PLoS Biol 2016; 14: e1002533
• 3 OʼHanlon DE, Moench TR, Cone RA. Vaginal pH and Microbicidal Lactic Acid When Lactobacilli Dominate the Microbiota. PLoS One 2013; 8: e80074
• 4 Reid G. Probiotic agents to protect the urogenital tract against infection. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73: S437-S443
• 5 Zheng J, Wittouck S, Salvetti E. et al. Taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70: 2782-2858
• 6 Mendling W, Schwiertz A. Das vaginale Mikrobiom. Frauenarzt 2021; 62: 40-48
• 7 Diop K, Dufour J-C, Lavasseur A. et al. Exhaustive repertoire of the human vaginal microbiota. Human Microbiome Journal 2019; 11: 100051
• 8 Ravel J, Gajer P, Abdo Z. et al. Vaginal microbiome of reproductive-age women. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108: 4680-4687
• 9 Borgdorff HHM, van der Veer C, van Houdt R. et al. The association between ethnicity and vaginal microbiota composition in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. PloS One 2017; 12: e0181135
• 10 Gajer P, Brotman RM, Bai G. et al. Temporal Dynamics of the Human Vaginal Microbiota. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4: 132ra52
• 11 Mendling W. Normal vaginal microbiota and bacterial vaginosis. Laboratoriumsmedizin/J Lab Med 2016; 40: 239-246
• 12 Vaneechoutte M, Guschin A, van Simaey L. et al. Emended description of Gardnerella leopoldii sp. nov., Gardnerella piotii sp. nov. and Gardnerella swidsinskii sp. nov., with delineation of 13 genomic species within the genus Gardnerella. Int J System Evol Microbiol 2019; 69: 679-687
• 13 Drell T, Lillsaar T, Tummeleht L. et al. Relative abundance of the most abundant bacterial and fungal operational taxonomic units (OTU) found in the vaginal communities of 181 premenopausal women. PloS One 2013; 8: e54379
• 14 Farr A, Effendy I, Frey-Tirri B. et al. Guideline: Vulvovaginal candidosis (AWMF 015/072, level S2k). Mycoses 2021; 64: 583-602
• 15 Hickey RJ, Abdo Z, Zhou X. et al. Effect of tampons and menses on the composition and diversity of vaginal microbial communities over time. BJOG 2013; 120: 695-704
• 16 Gille G, Eder S, Mendling W. Menstruation(shygiene) und junge Mädchen – ein Update. Gynäkologe 2021; 54: 131-140
• 17 Petricevic L, Domig KJ, Nierscher FJ. et al. Characterisation of the oral, vaginal and rectal Lactobacillus flora in healthy pregnant and postmenopausal women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2012; 160: 93-99
• 18 Marrazzo JM, Fiedler TL, Srinivasan S. et al. Extravaginal Reservoirs of Vaginal Bacteria as Risk Factors for Incident Bacterial Vaginosis. J Infect Dis 2012; 205: 1580-1588
• 19 Horner P, Donders G, Cusini M. et al. Should we be testing for urogenital Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum und Ureaplasma urealyticum in men and women? – a positional statement from the European STI Guidelines Editorial Board. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32: 1845-1851
• 20 Amabebe E, Anumba DC. Female Gut and Genital Tract Microbiota-Induced Crosstalk and Differential Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Immune Sequelae. Front Immunol 2020; 11: 2184
• 21 Amsel R, Totten PA, Spiegel CA. et al. Non specific vaginitis. Diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic associations. Am J Med 1983; 74: 14-22
• 22 Strus M, Chmielarczyk A, Kochan P. et al. Studies on the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus mixture given orally on vaginal and rectal colonization and on parameters of vaginal health in women with intermediate vaginal flora. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2012; 163: 210-215
• 23 Mendling W. Diagnostik und Therapie beim Symptom Fluor. Frauenarzt 2018; 59: 120-128
• 24 Swidsinski A, Loening-Baucke V, Mendling W. et al. Infection through structured polymicrobial Gardnerella biofilms (StPM-GB). Histol Histopathol 2014; 29: 567-587
• 25 Swidsinski A, Loening-Baucke V, Swidsinski S. et al. Clue Cells and Pseudo Clue Cells in Different Morphotypes of Bacterial Vaginosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12: 905739
• 26 Swidsinski A, Guschin A, Corsini L. et al. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Microbiota in Bacterial Vaginosis Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization. Pathogens 2022; 11: 456
• 27 Farr A, Frey Tirri B, Hoyme U. et al. Bacterial vaginosis. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k-Level, AWMF Registry No. 015–028, June 2023). Online (Stand: 12.10.2023): http://www.awmf.org/leitlinien/detail/II/015-028.html
• 28 Sherrard J, Wilson J, Donders G. et al. 2018 European/IUSTI/WHO) International Union against sexually transmitted infections (IUSTI) World Health Organisation (WHO) guideline on the management of vaginal discharge. 2023 update to 2018. Int J STD AIDS 2023;
• 29 Rumyantseva TA, Bellen G, Romanuk TN. et al. Utility of Microscopic Techniques and Quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Diagnosis of Vaginal Microflora Alterations. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2015; 19: 124-128
• 30 Donders G, Greenhouse P, Donders F. et al. Genital tract GAS infection ISIDOG guidelines. J Clin Med 2021; 10: 2043