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Adipositas - Ursachen, Folgeerkrankungen, Therapie 2023; 17(01): 19-25
DOI: 10.1055/a-1973-8793
Review

Bewegungsempfehlungen in der Prävention und Therapie der Adipositas

Physical Activity Guidelines for Obesity Prevention and Treatment
Christine Joisten
1   Institut für Bewegungs- und Neurowissenschaft, Abteilung Bewegungs- und Gesundheitsförderung, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Köln, Deutschland
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Zusammenfassung

Die Rolle von körperlicher Aktivität in der Prävention und Therapie von Übergewicht und Adipositas, aber auch möglicher Begleit- und Folgeerkrankungen ist heutzutage unbestritten. Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation fordert in den aktuellen Bewegungsempfehlungen für Erwachsene 150–300 Minuten pro Woche moderate oder 75–150 Minuten intensive Bewegungszeit sowie die Reduktion vermeidbarer Sitzzeiten. Für Menschen mit Adipositas gelten nur wenig höhere Umfänge mit 30 bis 60 Minuten Bewegungszeit pro Tag, um eine relevante Gewichtsabnahme zu erzielen. Diese beläuft sich aber meist auf nur 2 bis 3 Kg, die im Interventionszeitraum bis maximal 12 Monate erzielt werden. Wesentlicher sind daher die Effekte von Bewegung auf psychische und physische Faktoren inkl. der Körperkomposition, die auch unabhängig von einer Gewichtsreduktion auftreten. Auch beim Gewichtserhalt, ggf. einer weiteren Gewichtsabnahme über gezielte Maßnahmen hinaus gilt Bewegung als wichtiger Einflussfaktor. Hier werden 200 bis 300 Minuten pro Woche gefordert. Nichtsdestotrotz bleibt die Umsetzung in die Praxis erschwert. Bewährt haben sich eine patientenzentrierte Herangehensweise und eine partizipative Entscheidungsfindung sowie die Vermittlung, dass letztlich jede Bewegungsform einen gesundheitlichen Nutzen hat. Zur Minimierung möglicher Risiken sollte (vorab) eine sportmedizinische Vorsorgeuntersuchung erfolgen.

Abstract

The role of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity, but also possible comorbidities, is nowadays undisputed. The World Health Organization’s current physical activity recommendations for adults call for 150–300 minutes of moderate or 75–150 minutes of intensive physical activity per week, as well as a reduction in avoidable sitting time. For people with obesity, higher levels of 30–60 minutes of physical activity per day are required to achieve relevant weight loss. However, this usually amounts to only 2 to 3 kg, which is achieved in the intervention period up to a maximum of 12 months. More important are therefore the effects of exercise on psychological and physical factors incl. body composition, which also occur independently of weight reduction. Exercise/physical activity is also considered to be an important influencing factor for weight maintenance and, if necessary, further weight loss, even beyond targeted measures. Here, 200 to 300 minutes per week are required. Nonetheless, implementation in practice remains difficult. A patient-centered approach and participatory decision-making have proven successful, as well as the communication that every type of exercise has health benefits. To minimize possible risks, a pre-participatory sports medicine examination should be carried out.

Schlüsselwörter

Adipositas - Reduktion der Sitzzeit - Bewegung - Training - Therapie - Prävention

Key words

obesity - reduction of sedentary behaviour - physical activity - training - treatment - prevention


Publication History

Article published online:
03 March 2023

© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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