Anästhesie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Behinderung

Zusammenfassung

Die sichere anästhesiologische Versorgung von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit körperlichen oder geistigen Behinderungen ist zumeist zeitaufwendig und anspruchsvoll. In diesem Beitrag wollen wir auf Besonderheiten in der perioperativen Versorgung von behinderten Kindern und Jugendlichen hinweisen. Auf die Probleme bei der Anästhesie von Kindern mit Autismus-Spektrum-Störung, infantiler Zerebralparese und Trisomie 21 gehen wir im Anschluss näher ein.

Abstract

Children and adolescents with disabilities have the right of full and effective participation and inclusion in society. Disability includes a wide range of long-term physical, mental, intellectual and sensory impairments for various reasons. In addition to the basic illness many children with disabilities have concomitant diseases. These diseases are decisive for the perioperative risk. Information from parents regarding their childʼs behavioural patterns and needs, signs of escalating anxiety and pain are important. Perioperative dialog with the parents is helpful and has positive effects also from parental point of view. Pharmacologic premedication is recommended. Induction of anaesthesia can be challenging and sometimes requires unconventional methods. Pain behaviour may be unusual. There are suitable scales that incorporate such behaviours.

Schlüsselwörter

Kinder mit Behinderungen - Anästhesie - Schmerztherapie - infantile Zerebralparese - Down-Syndrom

Key words

children with disabilities - anaesthesia - pain management - infantile cerebral palsy - Down syndrome

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