Zugang und Inanspruchnahme psychosomatischer Versorgung aus ärztlicher Sicht: Eine qualitative Interviewstudie

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Chronisch entzündliche Hauterkrankungen sind häufig mit psychosozialen Beeinträchtigungen und einer reduzierten Lebensqualität vergesellschaftet. Ziel dieser Studie war es zu erfassen, wie spezialisiertes medizinisches Personal eines universitären Haut-Entzündungszentrums die Zugangswege und die Inanspruchnahme psychosomatischer Sondierungsgespräche oder Kurzzeitinterventionen bei PatientInnen mit chronisch entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen wahrnimmt.

Methoden Es wurden qualitative Erhebungen in Form von 10 Einzelinterviews mit medizinischem Personal durchgeführt, das zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung im Zentrum für entzündliche Hauterkrankungen der Uni-Hautklinik tätig war. Die Daten wurden inhaltsanalytisch mithilfe einer qualitativen Analysesoftware ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse aus den geführten Einzelinterviews ergaben, dass die Einbindung einer psychosomatischen Versorgung innerhalb eines dermatologischen Entzündungszentrums vom ärztlichen Personal als durchweg positiv bewertet wurde. Die Option auf ein zeit- und zentrumsnahes Gesprächsangebot nimmt dabei eine besondere Rolle ein. Experten fühlen sich mit der ortsnahen Einbindung psychosomatischer Expertise sicherer im Umgang mit belasteten Patient*innen. Der holistische Ansatz scheint einen positiven Einfluss auf die individuelle Behandlung und die Beziehungsgestaltung mit den Patient*innen zu nehmen. Dabei zeigten sich keine wesentlichen Unterschiede im Geschlecht und über verschiedene Altersgruppen hinweg.

Diskussion Die Möglichkeit zur zentrumsnahen Anbindung von belasteten Patient*innen in Form von zusätzlichen psychosomatischen Sondierungsgesprächen wie auch dem Einsatz von adaptierten Kurzzeitinterventionen trägt zur holistischen Behandlung bei, scheint einen günstigen Einfluss auf den somatischen Behandlungsverlauf zu nehmen und unterstützt Ärzt*innen in ihrer Behandlung.

Abstract

Background Chronic inflammatory skin diseases reduce health-related quality of life of affected patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of specialized medical practitioners within a university based dermatological inflammation centre on accessibility and utilization of exploratory psychological consultations for patients with chronic inflammatory skin diseases.

Methods 10 qualitative surveys were conducted in the form of individual interviews with specialized medical practitioners at the center for inflammatory skin diseases university hospital Kiel. The interviews were evaluated by content analysis using qualitative software.

Results The qualitative survey showed that the integration of psychosomatic care within a dermatological inflammation centre was evaluated as consistently positive by all physicians. The possibility of a timely consultation within the same localization was of special interest. Experts feel safer in treating burdened patients when psychosomatic expertise was integrated in daily routines. The holistic approach seems to have a positive influence on individual treatment and the shaping of relationships with patients. There were no significant differences in gender and across different age groups.

Discussion Access to on-site psychosomatic expertise in form of additional psychosomatic exploratory consultations as well as the use of adapted short-term interventions contributes to a holistic treatment approach, seems to have a positive influence on the somatic treatment course and supports physician in their treatment.

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