Subscribe to RSS
Please copy the URL and add it into your RSS Feed Reader.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/en/10.1055-s-00000143.xml
Download PDF
kleintier konkret 2022; 25(03): 30-42
DOI: 10.1055/a-1702-7699
DOI: 10.1055/a-1702-7699
Innere Medizin
Nicht-regenerative Anämien bei der Katze
Nicht-regenerative Anämien sind die häufigste Anämieform bei der Katze. Betroffene Patienten fallen meist mit unspezifischen Symptomen auf und die Diagnosestellung kann aufwendig sein. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über mögliche Entstehungsursachen, Diagnose- und Therapiemöglichkeiten sowie Langzeitprognosen nicht-regenerativer Anämien mit besonderem Augenmerk auf die selektive erythroide Aplasie (PRCA, Pure Red Cell Aplasia) und die nicht-regenerative immunmediierte hämolytische Anämie (NRIMHA).
Publication History
Article published online:
22 June 2022
© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
-
Literatur
- 1 Granat F, Geffré A, Bourgès-Abella N. et al. Feline reference intervals for the Sysmex XT-2000 iV and the ProCyte DX haematology analysers in EDTA and CTAD blood specimens. J Feline Med Surg 2014; 16 (06) 473-482
- 2 Hohenhaus AE, Winzelberg SE. Non-regenerative Anemia. In: Ettinger S, Feldman E, Cote E. Hrsg. Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 8. Aufl.. St. Louis (MO): Saunders; 2016: 838-844
- 3 Winzelberg Olson S, Hohenhaus AE. Feline non-regenerative anemia: Diagnostic and treatment recommendations. J Feline Med Surg 2019; 21 (07) 615-631
- 4 Goodnough LT. Iron deficiency syndromes and iron-restricted erythropoiesis (CME). Transfusion 2012; 52 (07) 1584-1592
- 5 Weiss DJ. Primary pure red cell aplasia in dogs: 13 cases (1996–2000). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002; 221 (01) 93-95
- 6 Smith JE. Erythrocytes. Adv Vet Sci Comp Med 1991; 36: 9-55
- 7 Christopher MM, White JG, Eaton JW. Erythrocyte Pathology and Mechanisms of Heinz Body-mediated Hemolysis in Cats. Vet Pathol 1990; 27 (05) 299-310
- 8 Stuart J, Nash GB. Red cell deformability and haematological disorders. Blood Rev 1990; 4 (03) 141-147
- 9 Chikazawa S, Dunning MD. A review of anaemia of inflammatory disease in dogs and cats: Review of anaemia of inflammatory disease. J Small Anim Pract 2016; 57 (07) 348-353
- 10 Olver CS, Andrews GA, Smith JE, Kaneko J. Erythropoiesis. In: Weiss DJ, Wardrop KJ, Schalm OW. Hrsg. Schalmʼs Veterinary Hematology. 6. Aufl.. Ames (Iowa): Wiley-Blackwell; 2010: 36
- 11 Bondurant MC, Koury MJ. Anemia induces accumulation of erythropoietin mRNA in the kidney and liver. Mol Cell Biol 1986; 6 (07) 2731-2733
- 12 Eckardt KU. Erythropoietin production in liver and kidneys. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 1996; 5 (01) 28-34
- 13 Olver CS, Andrews GA, Smith JE, Kaneko J. Erythrocyte Structure and Function. In: Weiss DJ, Wardrop KJ, Schalm OW. Hrsg. Schalmʼs Veterinary Hematology. 6. Aufl.. Ames (Iowa): Wiley-Blackwell; 2010: 123-130
- 14 DiBartola SP, Rutgers HC, Zack PM, Tarr MJ. Clinicopathologic findings associated with chronic renal disease in cats: 74 cases (1973–1984). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1987; 190 (09) 1196-1202
- 15 Furman E, Leidinger E, Hooijberg EH. et al. A retrospective study of 1,098 blood samples with anemia from adult cats: frequency, classification, and association with serum creatinine concentration. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28 (05) 1391-1397
- 16 Eschbach JW. The anemia of chronic renal failure: Pathophysiology and the effects of recombinant erythropoietin. Kidney Int 1989; 35 (01) 134-148
- 17 Randolph JE, Scarlett JM, Stokol T. et al. Expression, bioactivity, and clinical assessment of recombinant feline erythropoietin. Am J Vet Res 2004; 65 (10) 1355-1366
- 18 Gest J, Langston C, Eatroff A. Iron Status of Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29 (06) 1488-1493
- 19 Chalhoub S, Langston C, Eatroff A. Anemia of Renal Disease: What it is, what to do and whatʼs new. J Feline Med Surg 2011; 13 (09) 629-640
- 20 Thomas C, Thomas L. Biochemical Markers and Hematologic Indices in the Diagnosis of Functional Iron Deficiency. Clin Chem 2002; 48 (07) 1066-1076
- 21 Macdougall IC. Treatment of renal anemia with recombinant human erythropoietin. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 1992; 1 (02) 210-219
- 22 Mittman N, Sreedhara R, Mushnick R. et al. Reticulocyte hemoglobin content predicts functional iron deficiency in hemodialysis patients receiving rHuEPO. Am J Kidney Dis 1997; 30 (06) 912-922
- 23 Chervier C, Cadoré JL, Rodriguez-Piñeiro MI. et al. Causes of anaemia other than acute blood loss and their clinical significance in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2012; 53 (04) 223-227
- 24 Meléndez-Lazo A, Tvarijonaviciute A, Cerón JJ. et al. Evaluation of the Relationship between Selected Reticulocyte Parameters and Inflammation determined by Plasma C-reactive Protein in Dogs. J Comp Pathol 2015; 152 (04) 304-312
- 25 Fuchs J, Moritz A, Grußendorf E. et al. Evaluation of reticulocyte hemoglobin content (RET-H e) in the diagnosis of iron-deficient erythropoiesis in dogs. Vet Clin Pathol 2017; 46 (04) 558-568
- 26 Keiner M, Fuchs J, Bauer N, Moritz A. Evaluation of reticulocyte hemoglobin content (RETIC‐HGB) for the diagnosis of iron-limited erythropoiesis in cats. Vet Clin Pathol 2020; 49 (04) 557-566
- 27 Weiss G, Goodnough LT. Anemia of Chronic Disease. N Engl J Med 2005; 352 (10) 1011-1023
- 28 Fry MM. Anemia of Inflammatory, Neoplastic, Renal, and Endocrine Diseases. In: Weiss DJ, Wardrop KJ, Schalm OW. Hrsg. Schalmʼs Veterinary Hematology. 6. Aufl.. Ames (Iowa): Wiley-Blackwell; 2010: 246-250
- 29 Black V, Adamantos S, Barfield D, Tasker S. Feline non-regenerative immune-mediated anaemia: features and outcome in 15 cases. J Feline Med Surg 2016; 18 (08) 597-602
- 30 Viviano KR, Webb JL. Clinical use of cyclosporine as an adjunctive therapy in the management of feline idiopathic pure red cell aplasia. J Feline Med Surg 2011; 13 (12) 885-895
- 31 Stokol T, Blue JT, French TW. Idiopathic pure red cell aplasia and nonregenerative immune-mediated anemia in dogs: 43 cases (1988–1999). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000; 216 (09) 1429-1436
- 32 Kohn B, Weingart C, Eckmann V. et al. Primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in 19 cats: diagnosis, therapy, and outcome (1998–2004). J Vet Intern Med 2006; 20 (01) 159-166
- 33 Stokol T, Blue JT. Pure red cell aplasia in cats: 9 cases (1989–1997). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999; 214 (01) 75-79
- 34 Djaldetti M, Blay A, Bergman M. et al. Pure red cell aplasia – a rare disease with multiple causes. Biomed Pharmacother 2003; 57 (08) 326-332
- 35 Fisch P, Handgretinger R, Schaefer H-E. Pure red cell aplasia: Review. Br J Haematol 2000; 111 (04) 1010-1022
- 36 Sawada K, Hirokawa M, Fujishima N. Diagnosis and management of acquired pure red cell aplasia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2009; 23 (02) 249-259
- 37 Weiss DJ. Bone marrow pathology in dogs and cats with non-regenerative immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia and pure red cell aplasia. J Comp Pathol 2008; 138 (01) 46-53
- 38 Abkowitz JL, Holly RD, Grant CK. Retrovirus-induced feline pure red cell aplasia. Hematopoietic progenitors are infected with feline leukemia virus and erythroid burst-forming cells are uniquely sensitive to heterologous complement. J Clin Invest 1987; 80 (04) 1056-1063
- 39 Abkowitz J. Retrovirus-induced feline pure red blood cell aplasia: pathogenesis and response to suramin. Blood 1991; 77 (07) 1442-1451
- 40 Dean GA, Groshek PM, Mullins JI, Hoover EA. Hematopoietic target cells of anemogenic subgroup C versus nonanemogenic subgroup A feline leukemia virus. J Virol 1992; 66 (09) 5561-5568
- 41 Hoover EA, Kociba GJ, Hardy Jr WD, Yohn DS. Erythroid Hypoplasia in Cats Inoculated With Feline Leukemia Virus. J Natl Cancer Inst 1974; 53 (05) 1271-1276
- 42 Onions D, Jarrett O, Testa N. et al. Selective effect of feline leukaemia virus on early erythroid precursors. Nature 1982; 296(5853): 156-158
- 43 Cowgill LD, James KM, Levy JK. et al. Use of recombinant human erythropoietin for management of anemia in dogs and cats with renal failure. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212 (04) 521-528
- 44 Watson AD, Middleton DJ. Chloramphenicol toxicosis in cats. Am J Vet Res 1978; 39 (07) 1199-1203
- 45 Villiers E. Disorders of erythrocytes. In: Villiers E, Ristić J. Hrsg. BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Clinical Pathology. Gloucester: British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 2016: 38-66
- 46 Korman RM, Hetzel N, Knowles TG. et al. A retrospective study of 180 anaemic cats: features, aetiologies and survival data. J Feline Med Surg 2013; 15 (02) 81-90
- 47 Mischke R. Knochenmarkzytologie. In: Lutz H, Kohn B, Forterre F. Hrsg. Krankheiten der Katze. 6. Aufl.. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2019: 102-105
- 48 Tasker S. Diagnostic approach to anaemia in cats. In Pract 2012; 34 (07) 370-381
- 49 Ney PA. Normal and disordered reticulocyte maturation. Curr Opin Hematol 2011; 18 (03) 152-157
- 50 Fernandez R, Tubau I, Masip J. et al. Low reticulocyte hemoglobin content is associated with a higher blood transfusion rate in critically ill patients: a cohort study. Anesthesiol 2010; 112 (05) 1211-1215
- 51 Harvey JW. The feline blood film: 1. Techniques and erythrocyte morphology. J Feline Med Surg 2017; 19 (05) 529-540
- 52 Alsaker RD, Laber J, Stevens J, Perman V. A comparison of polychromasia and reticulocyte counts in assessing erythrocytic regenerative response in the cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1977; 170 (01) 39-41
- 53 Tvedten H. Laboratory and clinical diagnosis of anemia. In: Weiss DJ, Wardrop KJ, Schalm OW. Hrsg. Schalmʼs Veterinary Hematology. 6. Aufl.. Ames (Iowa): Wiley-Blackwell; 2010: 152-161
- 54 Koepke JF, Koepke JA. Reticulocytes. Clin Lab Haematol 1986; 8 (03) 169-179
- 55 Riley RS, Ben-Ezra JM, Goel R, Tidwell A. Reticulocytes and reticulocyte enumeration. J Clin Lab Anal 2001; 15 (05) 267-294
- 56 Abbott DL, McGrath JP. Evaluation of flow cytometric counting procedure for canine reticulocytes by use of thiazole orange. Am J Vet Res 1991; 52 (05) 723-727
- 57 Piva E, Brugnara C, Chiandetti L, Plebani M. Automated reticulocyte counting: state of the art and clinical applications in the evaluation of erythropoiesis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010; 48 (10) 1369-1380
- 58 Reagan WJ, Vap LM, Weiser MG. Flow cytometric analysis of feline reticulocytes. Vet Pathol 1992; 29 (06) 503-508
- 59 Wenger-Riggenbach B, Hässig M, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Lutz H. Evaluation of the LaserCyte: an in-house hematology analyzer for dogs and cats. Comp Clin Pathol 2006; 15 (02) 117-129
- 60 Lilliehöök I, Tvedten H. Validation of the Sysmex XT-2000 iV hematology system for dogs, cats, and horses. I. Erythrocytes, platelets, and total leukocyte counts. Vet Clin Pathol 2009; 38 (02) 163-174
- 61 Tasker S. Haemotropic Mycoplasmas: Whatʼs Their Real Significance in Cats?. J Feline Med Surg 2010; 12 (05) 369-381
- 62 Wilson HE, Jasani S, Wagner TB. et al. Signs of left heart volume overload in severely anaemic cats. J Feline Med Surg 2010; 12 (12) 904-909
- 63 Abrams-Ogg ACG, Wood RD, Cheung A. Idiopathic non-regenerative anemia in cats: A retrospective study. J Vet Intern Med 2007; 21 (03) 624
- 64 Weiss DJ. Antibody-mediated suppression of erythropoiesis in dogs with red blood cell aplasia. Am J Vet Res 1986; 47 (12) 2646-2648
- 65 Mischke R. Cyclosporin A therapy in a cat with pure red cell aplasia. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1998; 111(11 – 12): 432-437
- 66 Hourani L, Weingart C, Kohn B. Alloimmunisation in transfused patients: serial cross-matching in a population of hospitalised cats. J Feline Med Surg 2017; 19 (12) 1231-1237
- 67 Weltman JG, Fletcher DJ, Rogers C. Influence of cross-match on posttransfusion packed cell volume in feline packed red blood cell transfusion: Influence of cross-match on feline transfusion efficacy. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2014; 24 (04) 429-436
- 68 Chalhoub S, Langston CE, Farrelly J. The Use of Darbepoetin to Stimulate Erythropoiesis in Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats: 25 Cases. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26 (02) 363-369
- 69 Viviano KR. Update on immununosuppressive therapies for dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2013; 43 (05) 1149-1170
- 70 Mamiya S, Itoh T, Miura AB. Acquired pure red cell aplasia in Japan. Eur J Haematol 1997; 59 (04) 199-205
- 71 Sawada K, Hirokawa M, Fujishima N. et al. Long-term outcome of patients with acquired primary idiopathic pure red cell aplasia receiving cyclosporine A. A nationwide cohort study in Japan for the PRCA Collaborative Study Group. Haematologica 2007; 92 (08) 1021-1028
- 72 Rieder J, Mischke R. Immunsuppressive therapie bei Hunden und Katzen. Eigenschaften von Wirkstoffen und ihre Anwendung bei verschiedenen immunvermittelten Erkrankungen. Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere/Heimtiere 2018; 46 (02) 105-118
- 73 Graham-Mize CA, Rosser EJ. Bioavailability and activity of prednisone and prednisolone in the feline patient. Vet Dermatol 2004; 15(s1): 7-10
- 74 Colombo S, Sartori R. Ciclosporin and the cat: Current understanding and review of clinical use. J Feline Med Surg 2018; 20 (03) 244-255
- 75 Heinrich NA, McKeever PJ, Eisenschenk MC. Adverse events in 50 cats with allergic dermatitis receiving ciclosporin. Vet Dermatol 2011; 22 (06) 511-520
- 76 Slovak JE, Villarino NF. Safety of oral and intravenous mycophenolate mofetil in healthy cats. J Feline Med Surg 2018; 20 (02) 184-188
- 77 Hanna FY. Disease modifying treatment for feline rheumatoid arthritis. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2005; 18 (02) 94-99
- 78 Swann JW, Garden OA, Fellman CL. et al. ACVIM consensus statement on the treatment of immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33 (03) 1141-1172
- 79 Mendes de Morais Baptista LF, Kelly D. Use of human intravenous immunoglobulin for treatment of immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia in two cats. Vet Record Case Reports 2022; Im Internet: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/vrc2.284; Stand: April 2022
- 80 Kohn B, Weingart C. Immunbedingte hämolytische Anämie (IHA). In: Lutz H, Kohn B, Forterre F. Hrsg. Krankheiten der Katze. 6. Aufl.. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2019: 513