Therapie mit Januskinasehemmern bei Autoimmunerkrankungen und Interferonopathien

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Eine neuere Entwicklung bei der Pharmakotherapie der Autoimmunerkrankungen sind die Janus-Kinase (JAK)-Inhibitoren (JAKI) und Aktivatoren der Transkription (STAT).

Der JAK/STAT-Signalweg und die damit verbundene Aktivierung des Transkription-Signalweges spielen offenbar eine zentrale Rolle in der Pathogenese vieler immunvermittelter Krankheiten, da die Wirkung vieler verschiedener Zytokine und anderer Moleküle hierüber vermittelt wird. JAKI wirken intrazellulär und können so gleichzeitig die Signalwege mehrerer Zytokine blockieren.

Während des letzten Jahrzehnts wurden mehrere JAKI, die eines oder mehrere der an diesem Signalweg beteiligten Moleküle blockieren, entwickelt und in klinischen Studien für viele verschiedene Indikationen getestet. Obwohl der Schwerpunkt der JAKI für die Behandlung chronisch entzündlicher Erkrankungen auf der rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA) lag, gibt es andere immunvermittelte Erkrankungen, bei denen JAKI als therapeutische Optionen dienen könnten. Hierzu zählen Psoriasis, atopische Dermatitis, Alopezia areata, chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankungen, Interferonopathien und andere. Es soll hier ein Überblick über den Einsatz von JAKI bei immunvermittelten Erkrankungen abgesehen von der rheumatoiden Arthritis und der juvenilen idiopathischen Arthritis vermittelt werden.

ABSTRACT

A recent development in the pharmacotherapy of immun mediated diseases are Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (JAKI) and activators of transcription (STAT).

The JAK/STAT signaling pathway and the associated activation of the transcription signaling pathway appear to play a central role in the pathogenesis of many immune-mediated diseases, as the action of many different cytokines and other molecules is mediated through this pathway. JAKI can inhibit the signaling pathways of several cytokines and molecules simultaneously.

During the last decade, several JAKI that block one or more of the molecules involved in this pathway have been developed and tested in clinical trials for many different indications. Although the focus of JAKI for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases has been rheumatoid arthritis (RA), there are other immune-mediated diseases for which JAKI could serve as therapeutic options. These include psoriasis and other skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis or alopecia areata, inflammatory bowel diseases, interferonopathies, and others. An overview of the use JAKI in treatment of immune-mediated diseases apart from rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis will be provided here.

Schlüsselwörter

Januskinaseinhibitor - Autoimmunerkrankung - Interferonopathie

Keywords

Januskinase inhibitor - autoimmune disease - interferonopathy

Publication History

Article published online:
18 October 2021

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