Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) results in higher numbers of complications
when used in the duodenum compared with other locations owing to a variety of factors
[1 ]. Here, we demonstrate endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) using the Padlock
clip defect closure system as an alternative technique for en bloc resection of a
duodenal neuroendocrine tumor (NET) of < 1.5 cm. Most of the previous literature has
reported the use of the Ovesco over-the-scope clip system or the new full-thickness
resection device for resection of NETs within the duodenum [2 ]
[3 ]
[4 ]. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case to be reported in which the
padlock system was used for EFTR of a NET > 10 mm in size.
A 56-year-old man presented with mild upper abdominal pain for 6 months. An upper
gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a 1.5-cm subepithelial lesion in the duodenal bulb
([Fig. 1 ]). Narrow-band imaging (NBI) showed a normal mucosal pattern. Endoscopic ultrasound
(EUS) examination showed a homogeneous hypoechoic mass of 1.2 × 0.6 cm arising from
layer 3, suggestive of a NET ([Fig. 2 ]). We decided to perform EFTR of the mass. The lesion edges were marked with argon
plasma coagulation (APC). Subsequently, the Padlock over-the-scope clip system (16-mm
diameter) was accurately deployed at the base of the lesion, after it had been totally
suctioned into the cap ([Fig. 3 ]; [Video 1 ]). A 20-mm polypectomy snare was then used to grasp and resect the lesion at its
base, just above the Padlock clip. The cut surface was observed, with the Padlock
clip in situ, and the cut edges were free of any macroscopically visible tumor tissue,
with no evidence of bleeding. The patient was kept in hospital for overnight observation
and was discharged the next day on a normal diet. Histopathology subsequently showed
a well differentiated NET with uninvolved margins ([Fig. 4 ]).
Fig. 1 Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy image showing a 1.5-cm subepithelial lesion in the
posterior wall of the duodenal bulb.
Fig. 2 Linear endoscopic ultrasound image shows a homogeneous hypoechoic mass arising from
layer 3, with features suggestive of a neuroendocrine tumor.
Fig. 3 Photograph of the Padlock clip system loaded onto the endoscope, with its unique
clip design of six vertical prongs, and the delivery system, which has a “push of
the thumb” release mechanism, allowing one handed operation, so making deployment
easy. In addition, the delivery system is fully loaded on the outside of the endoscope,
so leaving the instrument channel completely free for use during the procedure.
Video 1 Video demonstrating accurate delineation of a duodenal neuroendocrine tumor and use
of the Padlock clip defect closure system for endoscopic full-thickness resection
of the lesion.
Fig. 4 Histopathology images showing: a, b a well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor with uninvolved margin, suggestive of
an R0 resection; c immunohistochemical staining with positivity for chromogranin and synaptophysin;
d a Ki67 index of 1 %, suggestive of favorable histology.
EFTR can be a safe, less cumbersome, and less time-consuming alternative to ESD for
subepithelial lesions in the duodenum. It can be safely performed in centers with
less experience in duodenal ESD.
Endoscopy_UCTN_Code_CCL_1AB_2AZ_3AB
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Flat-based over-the-scope clip-assisted endoscopic full-thickness resection of a duodenal
neuroendocrine tumour: a safe alternative to endoscopic submucosal dissection
