The “second wave” of the outbreak of COVID-19 confirmed the need for long-term projects
to manage diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopies in patients testing positive for
SARS-COV-2 [1]. Referrals and experience are constantly increasing worldwide, and many patients
with COVID-19 undergo endoscopies in many centers [2]
[3]. However, implementing strategies to guarantee a complete division of inhospital
paths for COVID and COVID-free patients remains challenging and a matter for debate.
We would like to present our working “exclusive COVID-19” endoscopy service created
at Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy. This new endoscopy subcenter was arranged by reorganizing
spaces located in the Northern Block of our hospital, and it is completely independent
and separate from our regular service, which is located in the Southern Block.
The full planimetry of the service is shown in [Fig. 1].
Fig. 1 Unit plan for the endoscopy service created at Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy, for
the treatment of patients with COVID-19. a The rooms are colored to show the three different areas: clean area in green, unclean
area in red, and the “gray” area (not completely clean, inaccessible to patients).
b Photographs of the rooms in the plan. c Pathways of movement for patients and healthcare workers. The blue arrows show the
unidirectional path for healthcare workers; the orange arrows show the path for patients.
Two pathways for movement were identified: one for the medical staff (marked in blue
in [Fig. 1c]) and one for the patients (marked in orange in [Fig. 1c]).
Three areas of biohazard risk were created: 1) clean area; 2) unclean area; 3) “gray”
area; these three zones are shown in [Fig. 1] as different colors (clean = green; unclean = red). The “gray” area is not a completely
clean area, but is not accessible to patients, only to healthcare workers; this area
is used to clean instruments in the reprocessing room and for the transfer of items
to and from the endoscopy room.
The endoscopy room is a negative pressure room (as recommended internationally) to
minimize virus diffusion. The nursing room is equipped with direct visual access to
the observation room.
The procedure timetable allows 10 endoscopies per day: 5 diagnostic and interventional
esophagogastroduodenoscopies (including percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, placement
of nasojejunal tube, urgent endoscopies); 2 diagnostic and interventional lower gastrointestinal
endoscopies; 2 diagnostic and interventional bronchoscopies; and 1 ear–nose–throat
(ENT) procedure (e. g. fibroscopy, tracheostomy control).
The service is open from Monday to Friday, and is available for emergencies during
the weekend for patients who are SARS-COV-2 positive. Healthcare personnel are part
of our endoscopy unit and received preliminary training in the use of personal protective
equipment (PPE), which has been further updated according to the specific endoscopic
findings and treatments related to COVID-19. The nursing staff are fully trained in
digestive, thoracic, and ENT procedures to allow endoscopy nurses to work only in
our regular endoscopy unit.
This project, which was first described by our group, permits the complete separation
of COVID and COVID-free inhospital paths, saves PPE, avoids inhospital contamination,
and reduces the exposure to contagion of the entire endoscopy staff as well as outpatients.
Furthermore, the facility is shared with other endoscopy services (ENT, thoracic endoscopy)
to achieve an endoscopically multidisciplinary approach and to optimize the use of
space and healthcare workers.
We hope that our experience may be useful to other endoscopy services in their efforts
to organize the long-term management of patients with COVID-19.
