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Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie 2021; 42(01): 9-23
DOI: 10.1055/a-1338-2107
Forschung

Parasiten beim Tier – ein Thema für die Phytotherapie?

Cäcilia Brendieck-Worm
1   AK-Phyto der Gesellschaft für Ganzheitliche Tiermedizin
,
Yvonne Thoonsen
1   AK-Phyto der Gesellschaft für Ganzheitliche Tiermedizin
,
Sabine Vollstedt
1   AK-Phyto der Gesellschaft für Ganzheitliche Tiermedizin
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Zusammenfassung

Weltweit wachsen aufgrund betriebswirtschaftlicher Zwänge die Tierbestände. Arbeitsabläufe werden rationalisiert, Futterproduktion und Fütterungsmanagement technisiert und industrialisiert. Die unter diesen Lebensbedingungen gehaltenen Tiere sind nicht nur großem psychosozialen Stress ausgesetzt, sondern auch einem hohen Infektionsdruck durch Viren, Bakterien und Parasiten. Antibiotika und Antiparasitika gelten folglich in großen Tierbeständen als unverzichtbar. Sie sind es jedoch auch in Kleinbeständen mit schlechten Haltungsbedingungen.

Die sich bei Bakterien und Parasiten ausbreitenden Resistenzen gegen Antibiotika bzw. Antiparasitika sind systemimmanent und sowohl für die derzeitige landwirtschaftliche Tierproduktion als auch für den Menschen weltweit bedrohlich. Die Notwendigkeit strategischer Änderungen bei Diagnose und Therapie von bakteriellen und parasitären Infektionen ist offensichtlich. Solche Änderungen werden jedoch noch selten umgesetzt und verfehlen zudem ihr Ziel, wenn nicht Haltung und Fütterung auf die Gesunderhaltung der Tiere ausgerichtet werden. Leider beobachtet man diese Missstände nicht nur in Nutztierhaltungen, die der Rentabilität unterworfen sind, sondern auch in der Hobbytierhaltung, v. a. bei Pferden und sogar bei Haus- und Heimtieren. Es fehlt allgemein an Wissen und Verständnis für die Grundbedürfnisse der Tiere und deren Bedeutung für ihre Gesundheit.

Nachhaltige Besserung der Lebensumstände und der Gesundheit der Tiere bringen salutogenetische Ansätze. Wird insbesondere die Darm- und Stoffwechselgesundheit der Tiere optimiert, reduziert sich der Bedarf an Antibiotika und Antiparasitika. Es gilt sowohl die evolutionsbiologische Bedeutung sekundärer Pflanzenstoffe für die jeweilige Tierart zu beachten, als auch die Rolle von Bakterien und Parasiten und ihre Interaktionen in diesem System. Am Beispiel von Hund und Pferd wird dies im Folgenden versucht.

Abstract

Parasites in animals: A topic for phytotherapy?

Globally, livestock populations are increasing due to the need to maximize profit. This has led to the streamlining of workflows as well as the mechanization and industrialization of feed production and feeding management. Animals kept under these living conditions are not only exposed to great psychosocial stress, but also to high infection pressure from viruses, bacteria and parasites. Antibiotics and antiparasitics are therefore considered indispensable in large-scale livestock keeping. However, they are also used in small-scale livestock keeping characterized by poor farming conditions. The increase in the resistance of bacteria and parasites to antibiotics and antiparasitics is systemic and threatens the health condition of both livestock and human beings. The necessity for strategic changes in the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial and parasitic infections is thus paramount. Nonetheless, such changes are still rarely implemented and also fail to achieve their objective if the conditions of keeping and feeding of livestock are not directed towards their health. Unfortunately, these irregularities are observed not only in livestock farming, where profitability is pursued, but also in hobby animal husbandry, especially in horses and even in other domestic animals and pets. There is general lack of knowledge and understanding of the basic needs of the animals and the importance for their health. Sustainable improvement of the living conditions and the health of animals brings to the fore the necessity of salutogenetic approaches. In particular, the optimization of the intestinal and metabolic health of the animals reduces the need for antibiotics and antiparasitics. In the same vein, it is important to consider the evolutionary-biological importance of phytochemicals for the respective species, as well as the role of bacteria and parasites and the interactions in this system. This article uses the examples of a dog and a horse to highlight these aspects.

Schlüsselwörter

Endoparasiten - Helminthom - Refugium - Mikrobiom - Darmgesundheit - sekundäre Pflanzenstoffe

Key words

Endoparasites - helminthoma - refugium - microbiome - intestinal health - secondary plant substances


Publication History

Article published online:
15 February 2021

© 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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