Erkrankungen und Chirurgie der Orbita

Das Erkennen, die differenzialdiagnostische Einordnung und die Therapie der eher seltenen orbitalen Erkrankungen stellt uns häufig vor besondere klinische Herausforderungen. Weil die Folgen für das Auge schwerwiegend sein können, ist es wichtig, die Zeichen orbitaler Erkrankungen frühzeitig zu erkennen, um die richtigen diagnostischen und therapeutischen Schritte rechtzeitig einzuleiten. Dieser Beitrag stellt zur Vorbereitung auf die Facharztprüfung HNO-Heilkunde Grundzüge der Systematik, Diagnostik und Therapie von Orbitaerkrankungen dar.

Abstract

Most orbital diseases are rarely diagnosed in the clinic. Because the consequences for the eye can be severe, it is important to recognize the signs of orbital disease early in order to initiate the correct diagnostic and therapeutic steps in good time. This article presents the basics of the systematics, diagnostics and therapy of orbital diseases in preparation for the specialist examination for ENT medicine. Some orbital diseases are typical manifestations of systemic diseases (e. g. Graves' disease) or typical complications of diseases in the vicinity of the orbit (e. g. orbital complications from inflammatory or tumorous sinus diseases). The diseases of the lacrimal system and the eyelids as well as their therapy are closely related to the diseases of the orbit. Basically, it can be said that the diagnosis and therapy of orbital diseases should always be carried out on an interdisciplinary basis, whereby the involvement of the ophthalmologist is of particular importance.

Schlüsselwörter

Orbitaerkrankungen - Orbitaverletzungen - Orbitatumoren - Orbitadekompression - Orbitarekonstruktion

Key words

orbita - injury - trauma - fracture - inflammation - neoplasia - diagnostics - surgery - reconstruction

Publication History

Article published online:
11 December 2020

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