Successful treatment of a persistent duodenal fistula using the Amplatzer septal occluder

Duodenal fistula is a rare but serious complication of gastrointestinal surgery, abdominal trauma, and iatrogenic procedures in general [1]. It is most commonly seen in critically ill patients at elevated risk of death, and its treatment is associated with great challenges, including repeated episodes of recurrence [2]. Endoscopic closure methods are now becoming more reliable and are already being considered as first-line options in the management of this condition.

A 61-year-old man underwent ileocolectomy due to complicated appendicitis. He was referred to our institution and underwent a new procedure because of dehiscence of the ileocolic anastomosis. A new ileocolic anastomosis was performed. After a few days, the presence of a duodenal cutaneous fistula associated with a large peritoneal collection became evident. The peritoneal collection was surgically drained, but the duodenal leak persisted.

The patient underwent an endoscopic closure attempt, performed with standard through-the-scope clips (TTSC). The procedure was unsuccessful, and the fistula showed signs of recanalization ([Fig. 1]). A second endoscopic procedure was performed, using the Amplatzer septal occluder (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA). The Amplatzer is a self-expandable, double-disk occluder device developed for the endovascular treatment of persistent cardiac wall defects [3]. We fashioned an endoscopic introduction device using the external sheath of a 12-Fr biliary plastic stent and a pediatric biopsy forceps ([Video 1]; [Fig. 2]). The opening of the first flange was performed under fluoroscopic guidance, while the second flange (in the duodenal lumen) was deployed under endoscopic surveillance ([Fig. 3]). Control fluoroscopy showed no contrast leak. After the procedure, the patient showed decreasing amounts of leakage through the external orifice of the fistula, received oral diet, and after 12 days was discharged. Endoscopic follow-up 7 months later showed the occluder in situ, partially grown into by the surrounding mucosa ([Fig. 4]). No recurrences were documented during this period.

Fig. 1 Endoscopic view of a duodenal cutaneous fistula in a 61-year-old man.

Video 1 Successful treatment of a persistent duodenal fistula using the Amplatzer septal occluder.

Fig. 2 Endoscopic introduction device fashioned by the present authors.

Fig. 3 Endoscopic view of the deployed Amplatzer septal occluder.

Fig. 4 Endoscopic view at follow-up 7 months after the procedure.

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Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

• References

• 1 Boulougouri K, Theodoropoulos E, Karydas G. et al. Combined endoscopic and percutaneous treatment of a duodenocutaneous fistula using an Amplatzer septal occluder. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2009; 32: 356-360
• 2 Willingham FF, Buscaglia JM. Endoscopic management of gastrointestinal leaks and fistulae. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 13: 1714-1721
• 3 Odemis B, Beyazit Y, Torun S. et al. Endoscopic closure of gastrocutaneous fistula with an Amplatzer septal occluder device. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2015; 8: 239-242

Publication History

Article published online:
08 October 2020