Nasal transmissible venereal tumours in 12 dogs – a retrospective study

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was a retrospective analysis of clinical manifestation and treatment outcome of the nasal form of transmissible venereal tumours (TVT).

Material and methods Twelve dogs suffering from nasal TVT were included in this study. Patients with primary genital lesions were excluded from the study. Signalment, physical examination and laboratory findings, results of further diagnostics, and treatment results were recorded in all patients.

Results The study population comprised 9 male and 4 female dogs with an (estimated) age ranging from 3 to 7 years. With one exception all dogs originated from Ukraine. Symptoms of nasal TVT included sneezing, nasal bleeding (all cases), skull infiltration (9 cases), oronasal fistulas (9 cases) and cutaneous fistulas (5 cases). Animals received vincristine sulfate at 0.7 mg/m² i. v. weekly. The treatment course consisted of 4–9 cycles (median 5 cycles). Complete remission was achieved in all cases. All dogs were disease-free during the follow-up period (median 23.5 months, range 12–56 months). All patients tolerated the treatment very well.

Clinical significance In conclusion, our data suggest that nasal TVT can have a good response to vincristine treatment. TVT should be considered as a differential diagnosis in sneezing dogs with nasal discharge or bleeding especially in young dogs and in dogs with suspected nasal tumours, even in countries without a stray animal population.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel Das Ziel dieser Studie war, die klinische Manifestation der nasalen Form des transmissiblen venerischen Tumors (TVT, Sticker-Sarkom) und die Wirksamkeit einer Therapie mit Vincristin retrospektiv zu analysieren.

Material und Methoden In die Studie wurden 12 Hunde mit einem nasalen TVT einbezogen. Patienten mit primären Genitalläsionen blieben von der Studie ausgeschlossen. Die Auswertung erstreckte sich auf Signalement der Hunde, klinische und labordiagnostische Befunde, Befunde weiterführender Diagnostik sowie Ansprechen auf die Behandlung.

Ergebnisse Bei den Patienten handelte es sich um 9 Rüden und 4 Hündinnen im (geschätzten) Alter von 3–7 Jahren, die mit einer Ausnahme aus der Ukraine stammten. Die Symptome waren Niesen, Nasenbluten (n = 12), Infiltration des Schädels (n = 9), oronasale Fisteln (n = 9) und Hautfisteln (n = 5). Die Tiere erhielten Vincristinsulfat 0,7 mg/m² i. v. wöchentlich in 4–9 Sitzungen (Median 5 Sitzungen). In allen Fällen wurde eine vollständige Remission erreicht und keiner der Hunde zeigte in der Nachbeobachtungszeit (Median 23,5 Monate, Bereich 12–56 Monate) Symptome des TVT. Alle Patienten vertrugen die Behandlung sehr gut.

Schlussfolgerung Den Ergebnissen zufolge spricht der TVT gut auf eine Behandlung mit Vincristin an. Diese Neoplasie sollte bei niesenden Hunden mit Nasenausfluss, nasalen Blutungen und Gesichtsdeformationen differenzialdiagnostisch Berücksichtigung finden. Dies gilt insbesondere für junge Tiere mit Verdacht auf Nasentumoren, auch wenn diese nicht aus Ländern mit streunenden Hunden stammen.

Key words

Nasal bleeding - sneezing - oronasal fistula - cutaneous fistula

Schlüsselwörter

Nasenbluten - Niesen - oronasale Fistel - Hautfistel

Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 25. November 2019

Angenommen: 04. Februar 2020

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
18. Juni 2020

• References

• 1 Adams WM, Kleiter MM, Thrall DE. et al. Prognostic significance of tumor histology and computed tomographic staging for radiation treatment response of canine nasal tumors. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2009; 50: 330-335
• 2 Albanese F, Salerni FL, Giordano S. et al. Extragenital transmissible venereal tumour associated with circulating neoplastic cells in an immunologically compromised dog. Vet Comp Oncol 2006; 4: 57-62
• 3 Amariglio EN, Hakim I, Brok-Simoni F. et al. Identity of rearranged LINE/c-MYC junction sequences specific for the canine transmissible venereal tumor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1991; 88: 8136-8139
• 4 Amber EI, Henderson RA, Adeyanju JB. et al. Single-drug chemotherapy of canine transmissible venereal tumor with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, or vincristine. J Vet Intern Med 1990; 4: 144-147
• 5 Batamuzi EK, Bittegeko SB. Anal and perianal transmissible venereal tumour in a bitch. Vet Rec 1991; 129: 556
• 6 Boscos CM, Tontis DK, Samartzi FC. Cutaneous involvement of TVT in dogs: a report of two cases. Canine Pract 1999; 24: 6-11
• 7 Brown N, Calvert C, MacEwen E. Chemotherapeutic management of transmissible venereal tumors in 30 dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1980; 176: 983-986
• 8 Chikweto A, Kumthekar S, Larkin H. et al. Genital and extragenital canine transmissible venereal tumor in dogs in Grenada, West Indies. Open J Vet Med 2013; 3: 111
• 9 Cohen D. The canine transmissible venereal tumor: a unique result of tumor progression. Adv Cancer Res 1985; 43: 75-112
• 10 Das U, Das AK. Review of canine transmissible venereal sarcoma. Vet Res Commun 2000; 24: 545-556
• 11 Feighiu A, Gringau T, Dumitresco F. et al. Nasal transmissible venereal tumor in a Jack Russel terrier bitch. Acta Vet Brno 2015; 65: 143-148
• 12 Gaspar LFJ, Ferreira I, Colodel MM. et al. Spontaneous canine transmissible venereal tumor: cell morphology and influence on P-glycoprotein expression. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2011; 34: 447-454
• 13 Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group. Common terminology criteria for adverse events (VCOG-CTCAE) following chemotherapy or biological antineoplastic therapy in dogs and cats. Vet Comp Oncol 2011; 14: 417-446
• 14 Gurel A, Kuscu B, Gulanber EG. et al. Transmissible venereal tumors detected in the extragenital organs of dogs. Isr J Vet Med 2002; 57: 23-27
• 15 Hicks DG, Fidel JL. Intranasal malignant melanoma in a dog. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 42: 472-476
• 16 Holt D, Prymak C, Evans S. Excision of tumors in the nasal vestibule of two dogs. Vet Surg 1990; 19: 418-423
• 17 Komnenou AT, Thomas A, Kyriazis AP. et al. Ocular manifestations of canine transmissible venereal tumour: a retrospective study of 25 cases in Greece. Vet Rec 2015; 176: 523
• 18 Kondo Y, Matsunaga S, Mochizuki M. et al. Prognosis of canine patients with nasal tumors according to modified clinical stages based on computed tomography: a retrospective study. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70: 207-212
• 19 Lemetayer J, Al-Dissi A, Tryon K. et al. Primary intranasal melanoma with brain invasion in a dog. Can Vet J 2017; 58: 391
• 20 Lima CRO, Faleiro MBR, Rabelo RE. et al. Insertion of the LINE-1 element in the C-MYC gene and immunoreactivity of C-MYC, p53, p21 and p27 proteins in different morphological patterns of the canine TVT. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec 2016; 68: 658-666
• 21 Malinowski C. Canine and feline nasal neoplasia. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 2006; 21: 89-94
• 22 Marcos R, Santos M, Marrinhas C. et al. Cutaneous transmissible venereal tumor without genital involvement in a prepubertal female dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2006; 35: 106-109
• 23 Mascarenhas MB, Peixoto PV, Ramadinha RR. et al. Immunohistochemical study of genital and extragenital forms of canine transmissible venereal tumor in Brazil. Pesq Vet Bras 2014; 34: 250-254
• 24 Ndiritu CG, Mbogwa SW, Sayer PD. Extragenitally located transmissible venereal tumor in dogs. Mod Vet Pract 1977; 58: 940
• 25 Ojeda J, Alfaro A, Moroni M. et al. Disseminated transmissible venereal tumor on skin, eyelids and genital in a male dog. Case report. Arch Med Vet 2016; 48: 119-123
• 26 Ojeda J, Mieres M, Soto F. et al. Computer tomographic imaging in 4 dogs with primary nasal canine transmissible venereal tumor and differing cellular phenotype. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32: 1172-1177
• 27 Papazoglou LG, Koutinas AF, Plevraki AG. et al. Primary intranasal transmissible venereal tumour in the dog: a retrospective study of six spontaneous cases. J Vet Med A 2001; 48: 391-400
• 28 Parent R, Teuscher E, Morin M. et al. Presence of the canine transmissible venereal tumor in the nasal cavity of dogs in the area of Dakar (Senegal). Can Vet J 1983; 24: 287
• 29 Rogers KS, Walker MA, Dillon HB. Transmissible venereal tumor: a retrospective study of 29 cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1998; 34: 463-470
• 30 Said RA, Silva LF, Albuquerque A. et al. Efficacy and Side Effects of Vincristine Sulphate Treatment on Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumour. Proceedings of the 34th World Small Animal Veterinary Congress WSAVA, São Paulo, Brazil. 2009
• 31 Silva M, Daleck C, Ramos R. et al. Primary intranasal transmissible venereal tumour with bone lysis of the maxilla and metastasis. Case report. ARS Vet 2008; 23: 54-58
• 32 Singh RS, Sood NK. Management of Primary Transmissible Venereal Tumor in Nasal Cavity of a Dog. Intas Polivet 2016; 17: 546-549
• 33 Weir EC, Pond MJ, Duncan JR. et al. Extragenital occurrence of transmissible venereal tumor in the dog: literature review and case reports. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1978; 14: 532-536
• 34 Withrow SJ, Page R, Vail DM. SPEC-Withrow and MacEwen‘s Small Animal Clinical Oncology, eBook. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013