Labordiagnostik bei Kollagenosen und Vaskulitiden

Zusammenfassung

Der Hauptanteil der immunologischen labormedizinischen Untersuchungen bei Kollagenosen und Vaskulitiden besteht -neben entzündungsdiagnostischen, hämatologischen, urinanalytischen, klinisch-chemischen, zytologischen und histologischen Untersuchungen - vor allem in der Bestimmung krankheitsassoziierter Autoantikörper. Grundstein der Labordiagnostik ist dabei der Nachweis von Antinukleären Antikörpern (ANA) bzw. Anti-Neutrophilen Cytoplasmatischen Antikörpern (ANCA). Der Nachweis dieser Autoantikörper unterstützt Diagnose-Sicherung oder -Ausschluss, Sub-Spezifizierung der Erkrankungs-Entitäten, Prognose und die Verlaufsbeobachtung. Der vorliegende Artikel über die Labordiagnostik dieser Erkrankungen hat deshalb die Beschreibung von Autoantikörpern und ihrer diagnostischen Bedeutung bei Kollagenosen und Vaskulitiden zum Schwerpunkt.

Summary

Basic laboratory tests consisting of a complete blood and urine analysis, and inflammatory, hematological, chemical, cytological and histological investigations mainly contribute to the diagnostics of connective tissue diseases and vasculitides. The most commonly used immunological tests are screening for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and/or antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). Detection of these autoantibodies supports confirmation or exclusion of diagnosis, sub-typing of disease entities, prognosis and follow-up. This article will focus on the ANA/ANCA specificity and discuss the role of these autoantibodies in the diagnostic work-up of patients with connective tissues diseases and vasculitides.

Schlüsselwörter:

Labordiagnostik - Kollagenosen - Vaskulitiden

Keywords

Laboratory diagnostics - connective tissue diseases - vasculitides

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