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Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin 2018; 43(05): 410-424
DOI: 10.1055/a-0643-3871
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© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Nutrigenetik in Theorie und Praxis

Nutrigenetic in Theory and Praxis
Mira Madenach
,
Silvia Kolossa
,
Kurt Gedrich
Subject Editor: Wissenschaftlich verantwortlich gemäß Zertifizierungsbestimmungen für diesen Beitrag ist Prof. Dr. med. Christian Löser, Kassel.
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Publication History

Publication Date:
17 October 2018 (online)

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Nutrigenetik befasst sich mit den Effekten von Genvariationen auf den Stoffwechsel von Nährstoffen. Diese Genvariationen, sog. Einzelnukleotid-Polymorphismen (SNP), sind Variationen einzelner Basenpaare innerhalb eines DNA-Abschnitts. Durch die SNP kann sich die Funktion eines Gens verändern und somit den Nährstoffstoffwechsel beeinflussen. Ob eine Veränderung der Ernährung aufgrund von SNP von Nutzen ist und wie die Zusammenhänge von Ernährung, SNP und Krankheitsrisikos sind, wurden jedoch größtenteils noch nicht ausreichend erforscht.

Abstract

Nutrigenetics deals with the effects of gene variation on the metabolism of nutrients. These gene variations, called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), are variations of single base pairs within a DNA segment that occur with a prevalence of at least 1 % in the population. SNP can alter the function of a gene and thus influence the metabolism of nutrients.

Whether a change in nutrition due to SNP is useful has not been sufficiently researched to justify a commercialization of nutrigenetics. In addition, genetic analyzes in humans are always linked to ethical aspects, which also include the right not to know of certain SNP. At this time point, gene-based recommendations may carry more risks than user benefits.

Kernaussagen

  • Nutrigenetik befasst sich mit dem Einfluss von Genvariationen auf den Stoffwechsel der Nährstoffe und ihrer Metabolite.

  • Nutrigenetik ist zurzeit für diagnostische Zwecke noch nicht ausgereift und kann somit andere diagnostische Maßnahmen nicht ersetzten, höchstens unterstützen.

  • In vielen Fällen fehlen gesicherte wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse zum Zusammenhang zwischen Genotyp, Stoffwechsel, Ernährung und Erkrankungsrisiko.

  • Die Vermittlung von genbezogenen Informationen, die im Zusammenhang mit unheilbaren Krankheiten stehen, ist unter ethischen Gesichtspunkten fraglich (s. Beispiel „ApoE“).

  • Bei der Umsetzung der Nutrigenetik zum Zweck der Ernährungsberatung bzw. -therapie sollten die Ergebnisse der Genotypisierung von einem Experten interpretiert und ausführlich vermittelt werden.

Schlüsselwörter

Nutrigenetik - personalisierte Ernährung - SNP - FADS1 - Sequenzierung - Genotyp

Keywords

nutrigenetic - personalized nutrition - SNP - FADS1 - Sequencing - genotype
 

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