Laryngeal complications by orotracheal intubation: Literature review

Sumamry

Introduction: The injuries caused for the orotracheal intubation are common in our way and widely told by literature. Generally the pipe rank of or consequence of its permanence in the aerial ways of the patient is caused by accidents in. It has diverse types of larynx injuries, caused for multiple mechanisms.

Objective: To verify, in literature, the main causes of laryngeal complications after- orotracheal intubation and its mechanisms of injury.

Revision of Literature: The searched databases had been LILACS, BIREME and SCIELO. Were updated, books and theses had been used, delimiting itself the period enters 1953 the 2009. The keywords used for the search of articles had been: complications, injuries, larynx, intubation, endotracheal, orotracheal, granulomas, stenosis. 59 references had been selected. The used criteria of inclusion for the choice of articles had been the ones that had shown to the diverse types of injuries caused for the orotracheal intubation and its pathophysiology.

Final Considerations: This revision of literature was motivated by the comment in the practical clinic of a great number of laryngeal sequels in patients submitted to the orotracheal intubation. Of that is ahead important the knowledge, for the professionals of the area of health, the types of complications and its causes, with intention to prevent them, adopting measured of prevention of these injuries.

Resumo

Introdução: As lesões causadas pela intubação orotraqueal são comuns no nosso meio e amplamente relatadas pela literatura. Geralmente são causadas por acidentes na colocação do tubo ou consequência de sua permanência nas vias aéreas do paciente. Há diversos tipos de lesões laríngeas, causadas por múltiplos mecanismos.

Objetivo: Verificar, na literatura, as principais causas de complicações laríngeas pós-intubação orotraqueal e seus mecanismos de lesão.

Revisão de Literatura: As bases de dados pesquisadas foram LILACS, BIREME e SCIELO. Foram utilizados artigos, livros e teses, delimitando-se o período entre 1953 a 2009. As palavras-chaves utilizadas para a busca dos artigos foram: complicações, lesões, laringe, intubação, entubação, endotraqueal, orotraqueal, granulomas, estenose. Foram selecionadas 59 referências. Os critérios de inclusão utilizados para a escolha dos artigos foram os que mostraram os diversos tipos de lesões ocasionadas pela intubação orotraqueal e suas fisiopatologias.

Considerações Finais: Esta revisão de literatura foi motivada pela observação na prática clínica de um grande número de sequelas laríngeas em pacientes submetidos à intubação orotraqueal. Diante disto é importante o conhecimento, pelos profissionais da área de saúde, dos tipos de complicações e de suas causas, com o intuito de evitá-las, adotando medidas de prevenção dessas lesões.

Keywords

larynx - dysphonia - voice

Palavras-chave

laringe - disfonia - voz

• Bibliographic References

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