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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Sleep Sci 2018; 11(04): 217-230
DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20180036
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Sleep duration, lifestyles and chronic diseases: a cross-sectional population-based study

Cátia Reis
1   Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB) - Lisboa - Lisboa - Portugal.
2   CENC - Sleep Medicine Center, Sleep and circadian rhythms - Lisboa - Lisboa - Portugal.
,
Sara Dias
3   EpiDoC Unit, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NMS/UNL), Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC) - Lisboa - Lisboa - Portugal.
6   EpiSaúde, Associação Científica -Évora - Évora - Portugal.
7   Escola Superior de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, CiTechCare, Center for innovative care and health technology - Leiria - Leiria - Portugal.
,
Ana Maria Rodrigues
3   EpiDoC Unit, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NMS/UNL), Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC) - Lisboa - Lisboa - Portugal.
4   Sociedade Portuguesa de Reumatologia, Sociedade Portuguesa de Reumatologia - Lisboa - Lisboa - Portugal.
5   Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Rheumatology Research Unit - Lisboa - Lisboa - Portugal.
6   EpiSaúde, Associação Científica -Évora - Évora - Portugal.
,
Rute Dinis Sousa
3   EpiDoC Unit, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NMS/UNL), Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC) - Lisboa - Lisboa - Portugal.
6   EpiSaúde, Associação Científica -Évora - Évora - Portugal.
,
Maria João Gregório
3   EpiDoC Unit, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NMS/UNL), Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC) - Lisboa - Lisboa - Portugal.
8   Direção-Geral da Saúde, Programa Nacional para a Promoção da Alimentação Saudável - Lisboa - Lisboa - Portugal.
9   Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação - Porto - Porto - Portugal.
,
Jaime Branco
3   EpiDoC Unit, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NMS/UNL), Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC) - Lisboa - Lisboa - Portugal.
4   Sociedade Portuguesa de Reumatologia, Sociedade Portuguesa de Reumatologia - Lisboa - Lisboa - Portugal.
10   Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental (CHLO- E.P.E.), Serviço de Reumatologia do Hospital Egas Moniz - Lisboa - Lisboa - Portugal.
,
Helena Canhão
3   EpiDoC Unit, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (NMS/UNL), Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC) - Lisboa - Lisboa - Portugal.
4   Sociedade Portuguesa de Reumatologia, Sociedade Portuguesa de Reumatologia - Lisboa - Lisboa - Portugal.
6   EpiSaúde, Associação Científica -Évora - Évora - Portugal.
,
Teresa Paiva
2   CENC - Sleep Medicine Center, Sleep and circadian rhythms - Lisboa - Lisboa - Portugal.
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BACKGROUND Adequate sleep is essential for health. Both, short and long sleep durations are associated to worse quality of life and poor health outcomes. Portugal represents a specific population model, since according to European statistics it has high rates of chronic diseases like depression, hypertension, diabetes and stroke; and low quality of life as well as low index of physical activity, while in parallel it has some other good health indicators such as: low age-standardized mortality for both genders, nutrition in terms of energy and fruit consumption, smoking and alcohol, obesity and overweight prevalence. The aim of this study was to characterize health and chronic diseases, lifestyles and quality of life in subjects with short and long sleep duration.

Methods A population-based cross-sectional evaluation of the third wave of follow-up of the EpiDoC Cohort was carried between 2015-2016. A sample of 5,436 adults ≥18 years, representative of the national population, self-reported their daily total sleep time. Associations between short sleep duration (SSD ≤5h), long sleep duration (LSD≥9h) and independent variables were determined.

Results The prevalence for SSD was high (20.7%) and the LSD (5.9%) was low. Being older, with lower education, retired and unemployed were associated to SSD and LSD (p<0.01). Being obese was associated to SSD as well as hypertension, gastrointestinal disease and hypercholesterolemia (p<0.01). SSD and LSD, were associated with diabetes (p<0.01 and p=0.03) and depression (p<0.01 and p=0.02) respectively. Cardiovascular disease (p<0.01) was associated to LSD. Multimorbidity (p<0.01) was associated to SSD. Worse quality of life and bad physical function were associated to SSD and LSD, as well as being hospitalized in the previous 12 months (p<0.01).

Conclusions Socio-demographic, physical activity and chronic diseases were associated to reduction and extension of sleep duration. There was no association between rheumatic diseases and cancer with sleep duration, as found in other studies. This study emphasizes the burden of self-reported SSD for Portugal, its consequences to health and the need to increase sleep awareness campaigns enhancing the importance of sleep in health. Furthermore, it emphasizes that chronic diseases risks are dependent on multiple parameters which varying in different countries or regions, imply the need of regional studies and interventions.

Sleep - Life Style - Quality of Life - Cross-Sectional Studies - Chronic Disease - Portugal


Publication History

Received: 23 July 2018

Accepted: 27 September 2018

Article published online:
16 October 2023

© 2023. Brazilian Sleep Association. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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