Therapeutic genome editing with engineered nucleases

Summary

Targeted genome editing with designer nucleases, such as zinc finger nucleases, TALE nucleases, and CRISPR-Cas nucleases, has heralded a new era in gene therapy. Genetic disorders, which have not been amenable to conventional gene-addition-type gene therapy approaches, such as disorders with dominant inheritance or diseases caused by mutations in tightly regulated genes, can now be treated by precise genome surgery. Moreover, engineered nucleases enable novel genetic interventions to fight infectious diseases or to improve cancer immunotherapies. Here, we review the development of the different classes of programmable nucleases, discuss the challenges and improvements in translating gene editing into clinical use, and give an outlook on what applications can expect to enter the clinic in the near future.

Zusammenfassung

Die zielgerichtete Genombearbeitung mit Zinkfinger-Nukleasen, TALE-Nukleasen und CRISPR/Cas-Nukleasen hat eine neue Ära in der Gentherapie eingeläutet. Angeborene Erkrankungen, die mit einem herkömmlichen Gentherapieansatz nicht behandelt werden können, wie zum Beispiel Erbkrankheiten mit dominanter Vererbung oder Krankheiten, die durch Mutationen in eng regulierten Genen hervorgerufen werden, können nun durch präzise Genomchirurgie behandelt werden. Darüber hinaus ermöglichen Designer-Nukleasen neue genetische Interventionsmöglichkeiten, um Infektionskrankheiten oder Krebs zu bekämpfen. In diesem Aufsatz beschreiben wir die Entwicklung der verschiedenen Klassen von programmierbaren Nukleasen, diskutieren die Herausforderungen bei der Translation von Gen-Editing in die klinische Anwendung und geben einen Ausblick darauf, welche Anwendungen in naher Zukunft in die Klinik gelangen werden.

Keywords

clinical application - clinical trial - designer nuclease - gene editing - gene therapy - genetic disorder

Schlüsselwörter

klinische Anwendung - klinische Studie - Designer-Nuklease - Gen-Editing - Gentherapie - genetische Erkrankung

^* these authors contributed equally.

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