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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Libyan International Medical University Journal 2021; 06(02): 81-90
DOI: 10.4103/liuj.liuj_83_21
Original Article

Risk assessment for foot ulceration in a nigerian diabetic population attending university of Ilorin teaching hospital, Ilorin

John Olarinoye
Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria
,
Abiodun Bello
Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria
,
Saint Ogunkeyede
1   Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria
,
Adebiyi Aderibigbe
1   Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria
,
Babakayode Olagbaye
2   Department of Anatomy, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria
,
Kolawole Wahab
3   Department of Medicine Neurology Unit, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria
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Abstract

Background: Complications from diabetic foot ulcer often pose a strong threat to the life of patients with diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for foot ulceration among people living with diabetes attending University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty-one diabetic patients were interviewed with a questionnaire to obtain their sociodemographic, foot care, and diabetes-related details. Both of their feet were then assessed for dermatological changes, musculoskeletal deformities, neurological and vascular complications. Risk stratification was done according to the diabetic foot risk classification system of the International Working Group on Diabetic Foot. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square test while correlation between the risk categories and patients' characteristics was determined using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, setting statistical significance at P < 0.05. Results and Conclusion: Intermittent claudication was found in 40 patients (26.5%), 76 (50.3) had paresthesia. Eighty nine (58.9%) had foot care education but only 7 (4.6%) had special diabetic foot wears. Impaired monofilament sensitivity was seen in 27 (17.9%) of the right feet and in 23 (15.2%) of the left feet. Significant peripheral neuropathy was detected in 36 (23.9%) on the right and 30 (19.9%) on the left side. It was found that the longer the duration of diabetes, the higher the risk (P = 0.04). Furthermore, patients who had no education had significantly higher risk for diabetes foot ulcer (DFU) (P = 0.01). High risk was discovered among the retirees (P = 0.01). In addition, presence of kidney disease (P = 0.046), cardiovascular disease (P = 0.001), and visual impairment (P = 0.19) all conferred a high risk for developing DFU in our study population. Overall assessment showed that the prevalence of “foot-at-risk' in this study was 30.5% which we think is substantial enough to attract a more serious attention.

Key-words:

Diabetic foot ulcer - Nigeria - risk assessment

Financial support and sponsorship

Research was fully funded by the authors.




Publication History

Received: 03 August 2021

Accepted: 19 September 2021

Article published online:
14 June 2022

© 2021. Libyan International Medical University. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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