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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Journal of Diabetes and Endocrine Practice 2021; 04(03): 107-114
DOI: 10.4103/jdep.jdep_39_21
Review Article

Diabetic kidney disease update: Pathogenesis and treatment overview for clinicians

Elmukhtar Habas
1   Department of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha
,
Abdel-Naser Elzouki
1   Department of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha
2   Department of Internal Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, College of Medicine, Qatar University
3   Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha
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Diabetes mellitus is a common cause of chronic kidney disease that progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Albuminuria (proteinuria) is an early manifestation of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Although the hemodynamic alterations that occur in diabetics seem the underlying mechanism, others such as metabolic, inflammatory, and hypoxia have a role in DKD pathophysiology. Despite the proven beneficial effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and renin–angiotensin II–aldosterone receptor blockades in proteinuria improvement, their effect to prevent the DKD and to modify its progression to ESRD is not clear enough. New agents such as SLGT2 and autophagy inhibitors and anti-inflammatory are promising agents that may improve proteinuria and inhibit DKD progression. Pathophysiology and new strategies in DKD therapy updates will be reviewed.

Keywords

Diabetes - diabetic kidney disease - pathogenesis - treatment

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.




Publication History

Received: 09 August 2021

Accepted: 09 August 2021

Article published online:
06 July 2022

© 2021. Gulf Association of Endocrinology and Diabetes (GAED). All rights reserved. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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