CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Ibnosina Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences 2020; 12(02): 85-89
DOI: 10.4103/ijmbs.ijmbs_37_20
Current Topics

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and neurological manifestations: A potential neuroinvasive pathogen

Jamir Rissardo
1   Department of Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria
,
Ana Caprara
1   Department of Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria
› Institutsangaben

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first described in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly widespread and became a global concern. In this outbreak, a new beta coronavirus from the order Nidovirales, which has a positive sense and single-stranded RNA genome, was identified. Herein, we would like to highlight the neurological complications of the COVID-19 and the neuroinvasive potential of this virus. It is worthy of mentioning that COVID-19 mainly causes acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is one of the most common causes of death. However, the latest studies demonstrated that, in severe cases, neurological manifestations can occur.

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.




Publikationsverlauf

Eingereicht: 04. April 2020

Angenommen: 12. April 2020

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
07. Juli 2022

© 2020. The Libyan Authority of Scientific Research and Technologyand the Libyan Biotechnology Research Center. All rights reserved. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License,permitting copying and reproductionso long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, oradapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India

 
  • References

  • 1 Heo JY. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in the early stage of outbreak. Korean J Med 2020;95:67-73.
  • 2 Wu Y, Xu X, Chen Z, Duan J, Hashimoto K, Yang L, Liu C, Yang C. Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Mar 30:S0889-1591(20)30357-3. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.031. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32240762; PMCID: PMC7146689.
  • 3 Rissardo JP, Caprara AL. Parkinson's disease versus stroke versus seizure. Apollo Med 2020;17:50.
  • 4 Baig AM, Khaleeq A, Ali U, Syeda H. Evidence of the COVID-19 Virus Targeting the CNS: Tissue Distribution, Host-Virus Interaction, and Proposed Neurotropic Mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020;11:995-8.
  • 5 Guo YR, Cao QD, Hong ZS, Tan YY, Chen SD, Jin HJ, et al. The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak – An update on the status. Mil Med Res 2020;7:11.
  • 6 Chen C, Zhang XR, Ju ZY, He WF. Advances in the research of cytokine storm mechanism induced by Coronavirus Disease 2019 and the corresponding immunotherapies. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 2020;36:E005.
  • 7 Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ, et al. COVID-19: Consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet 2020;395:1033-4.
  • 8 Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020;395:497-506.
  • 9 Desforges M, Le Coupanec A, Dubeau P, Bourgouin A, Lajoie L, Dubé M, et al. Human coronaviruses and other respiratory viruses: Underestimated opportunistic pathogens of the central nervous system? Viruses 2019;12:14.
  • 10 Le Coupanec A, Desforges M, Meessen-Pinard M, Dubé M, Day R, Seidah NG, et al. Cleavage of a neuroinvasive human respiratory virus spike glycoprotein by proprotein convertases modulates neurovirulence and virus spread within the central nervous system. PLoS Pathog 2015;11:e1005261.
  • 11 Keyhan SO, Fallahi HR, Cheshmi B. Dysosmia and dysgeusia due to the 2019 Novel Coronavirus; a hypothesis that needs further investigation. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2020;42:9.
  • 12 Iacobucci G. Sixty seconds on. anosmia. BMJ 2020;368:m1202.
  • 13 Filatov A, Sharma P, Hindi F, Espinosa PS. Neurological Complications of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Encephalopathy. Cureus. 2020 Mar 21;12(3):e7352. doi: 10.7759/cureus.7352. PMID: 32328364; PMCID: PMC7170017.
  • 14 Sun D, Li H, Lu XX, Xiao H, Ren J, Zhang FR, Liu ZS. Clinical features of severe pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan: A single center's observational study. World J Pediatr. 2020 Mar 19:1–9. doi: 10.1007/s12519-020-00354-4. Epub ahead of print. PMCID: PMC7091225.
  • 15 Poyiadji N, Shahin G, Noujaim D, Stone M, Patel S, Griffith B. COVID-19-associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalopathy: CT and MRI Features [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 31]. Radiology. 2020;201187. doi:10.1148/radiol.2020201187
  • 16 Mao L, Wang M, Chen S, He Q, Chang J, Hong C, et al. Neurological Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Case Series Study; 2020.
  • 17 Azhideh A. COVID-19 neurological manifestations. Int Clin Neurosci J 2020;2020:7.
  • 18 Morfopoulou S, Brown JR, Davies EG, Anderson G, Virasami A, Qasim W, et al. Human coronavirus OC43 associated with fatal encephalitis. N Engl J Med 2016;375:497-8.
  • 19 Nath A. Neurologic complications of coronavirus infections. Neurology 2020. pii: 10.1212/WNL.2881982881989455.
  • 20 Stetka BS. What Neurologists Can Expect From COVID-19 2020. Available from: https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/927562. [Last accessed on 2020 Apr 04].
  • 21 Nataf S. An alteration of the dopamine synthetic pathway is possibly involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. J Med Virol 2020.
  • 22 Karimi N, Sharifi Razavi A, Rouhani N. Frequent convulsive seizures in an adult patient with COVID-19: A case report. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2020;22:e102828.
  • 23 Wei H, Yin H, Huang M, Guo Z. The 2019 novel cornoavirus pneumonia with onset of oculomotor nerve palsy: a case study. J Neurol. 2020 Feb 25:1–4. doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-09773-9. Epub ahead of print. PMCID: PMC7087661.
  • 24 International MG/COVID-19 Working Group, Jacob S, Muppidi S, Guidon A, Guptill J, Hehir M, et al. Guidance for the management of myasthenia gravis (MG) and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Neurol Sci 2020;412:116803.
  • 25 Hopkins C, Kumar N. Loss of Sense of Smell as Marker of COVID-19 Infection. ENT UK; 2020.
  • 26 Clinicaltrials. Fingolimod in COVID-19 2020. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04280588. [Last accessed on 2020 Apr 04].
  • 27 Hospital B. Clinicians and Researchers have Confirmed for theFirst time That SARSCoV-2 Can Cause Central Nervous System Infection; 2020. Available from: http://www.bjdth.com/html/1/305/307/index.html?messageId=3665. [Last accessed on 2020 Apr 04].
  • 28 Society NM. Disease Modifying Treatment Guidelines for Coronavirus (COVID-19); 2020. Available from: https://www.nationalmssociety.org/What-you-need-to-know-about-Coronavirus- (COVID-19)/DMT-Guidelines-for-Coronavirus-(COVID-19)-and. [Last accessed on 2020 Apr 04].
  • 29 Specialized Committee of Neurogenetics Neurophysician Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Jiang H, Tang B. Expert consensus on the management strategy of patients with hereditary ataxia during prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2020;37:359-66.
  • 30 Brownlee W, Bourdette D, Broadley S, Killestein J, Ciccarelli O. Treating multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. Neurology 2020. pii: 10.1212/WNL.2881982881989507.