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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · European Journal of General Dentistry 2018; 7(03): 51-55
DOI: 10.4103/ejgd.ejgd_90_18
Original Article

Analysis of pH and cytotoxic activity of locally produced radiopaque white Portland cement

Soh Chin Fen
1   School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
,
Loh Wei Lek
1   School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
,
Thirumulu Ponnuraj Kannan
1   School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
2   Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
,
Siti Fadilah Bin Abdullah
1   School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
,
Adam Husein
1   School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
,
Mohamed Shady Nabhan
3   Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
,
Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed
4   Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract

Background: Portland cement (PC)-based formulations show continuous developments. Purpose: This study examined the pH and cytotoxic activity of a locally produced Malaysian white PC (MAWPC) mixed with different radiopacifying agents (barium sulfate [BS], niobium oxide [NO], and bismuth oxide [BO]) on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLFs). Materials and Methods: 0.8 g of MAWPC was mixed with 0.2 g of each radiopacifying agent and sterile distilled water. Five tablets of each group were prepared. After setting, the samples were immersed in 10-ml sterile distilled water and stored at 37°C, and the pH was measured at intervals of 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14 days using a calibrated digital pH meter. One-way ANOVA was used for data analysis (P = 0.05). For cytotoxic activity, the material extracts were prepared at three serial concentrations (25, 12.5, and 6.25 mg/ml), and 200 ml of each concentration was added into each well seeded with cultured HPLFs. The plates were then incubated for 48 h. The cell viability was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and the data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis test (P = 0.05) Results: The pH values of all groups were significantly higher compared to the control group (P < 0.001). With the exception of day 0, the pH values of all groups at all day intervals ranged from 9.9 to 10.9, and some significant differences were detected. Although the addition of radiopacifying agents decreased the cell viability values of MAWPC extracts (P < 0.05), all groups showed favorable cytotoxicity profile. MAWPC/BO combination showed higher cell viability values compared to MAWPC/NO and MAWPC/BS. Conclusions: The addition of radiopacifying agents to MAWPC maintained its high pH and favored the viability of HPLFs.

Keywords

Barium sulfate - bismuth oxide - cell viability - cytotoxicity - human periodontal ligament fibroblasts - niobium oxide - pH value - Portland cement

Financial support and sponsorship

This study was supported by the USM short-term Grant number 304/PPSG/61312099.




Publication History

Article published online:
01 November 2021

© 2018. European Journal of General Dentistry. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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